In 94 previously untreated new referrals to a neurological clinic with tonic-clonic or partial seizures or both the failure rate for optimum single-drug treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine after a median of 32 months was 17%. Failure of single-drug treatment was associated especially with the presence of additional neuropsychiatric handicaps but also with partial or mixed seizures, sympto...

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by reduced volume of the brainstem and cerebellum. We report two male siblings who presented with early infantile clonic seizures, and then developed infantile spasms associated with prominent isolated cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using whole exome sequencing t...

In this paper it is shown that Reservoir Computing can be successfully applied to perform real-time detection of epileptic seizures in Electroencephalograms (EEGs). Absence and tonic-clonic seizures are detected on intracranial EEG coming from rats. This resulted in an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve of more than 0.99 on the data that was used. For absences an aver...

This article reviews the ictal and interictal EEG findings associated with a select group of generalized seizures. These include absence seizures, myoclonic seizures seen in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, idiopathic generalized tonic clonic seizures, infantile spasms, and atypical absence, tonic, and atonic seizures associated with the Lennox Gastaut syndrome.

The effects of hypoxia on susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures were assessed in juvenile rats. Animals at postnatal (P) day 25 were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 7000 m) for 8 h PTZ in a dose of 100 mg/kg was injected 1, 3 or 7 days later and latency, pattern and severity of seizures were registered. Mortality due to seizures was also evaluated. Two s...

Vitamin A and its derivatives have recently reported to be implicated in synaptic plasticity. The possible effect of vitamin A and its precursor, ?-carotene, on seizure acquisition was tested in PTZ kindling model of epilepsy. Vitamin A and ?-carotene were tested for their ability to 1) suppress seizures (clonic and tonic) and lethality induced by PTZ in PTZ-kindled mice (anticonvulsant effect)...

The differentiation of vasovagal syncope and epileptic seizure is sometimes problematic, since vasovagal syncope may mimic epileptic seizures in many ways. The present report describes a patient who had been diagnosed and treated as having epilepsy with medically-refractory sei-zures for 16 years. Often, unlike epileptic seizures, tonic-clonic convulsions and postictal confusion are uncommon fe...

This study examined both the acute and long-lasting changes in seizure susceptibility that occur in response to the repeated induction of generalized seizure activity. Daily flurothyl-induced generalized clonic seizures resulted in a progressive decrease in both the generalized seizure threshold and the latency to the first myoclonic jerk. The threshold reduction was significant as early as the...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of sustained muscle activation during convulsive epileptic and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), as compared to voluntary muscle activation. The main goal was to find surface electromyography (EMG) features that can distinguish between convulsive epileptic seizures and convulsive PNES. METHODS In this case-control study, surface EMG was rec...

indicate continuing sequelae of the fracture or that people fracturing their neck of femur are more frail and ill than the general population of similar age. Measures of prognosis after fracture and comparisons between hospitals are substantially affected by whether death registration data are included, whether time intervals are extended beyond 30 days, and whether deaths that are not certifie...