Cement is produced by co-grinding clinker, gypsum and other components defined in the Cement Standards like limestone, pozzolans, fly ash and slag. The grinding is usually performed in horizontal ball mills. Gypsum is typically the basic source of sulphates (SO3) in the cement. The effect of gypsum on the cement quality is critical and twofold. It affects two of the main properties of this prod...

Improving the quality of cement while reducing energy costs its production is one most important tasks industry. Cement properties are determined by hydration activity clinker minerals. In turn, minerals degree disorderliness crystal cell. The disorder cell depends on chemical composition minerals, type and concentration modifying additives. It also modes synthesis, both during firing cooling. ...

The Portland cement industry is presently deemed to account for around 7.4% of the carbon dioxide emitted annually worldwide. Clinker production being reduced worldwide in response need drastically lower greenhouse gas emissions. trend began nineteen seventies with advent mineral additions replace clinker. Blast furnace slag and fly ash, industrial by-products that were stockpiled waste heaps a...

The raw materials constituting the Portland cement are mainly lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. During the manufacturing process, a glassy quasicrystalline clinker is formed which is ground, normally with addition of 1-3 wt% of CaSCU in the cement powder. This powder has four major constituents: 3 CaO"SiO2 (in cement chemists' notation C3S), 2 CaOSiO2 (C2S), 3 CaOAl2O3 (C3A) and 4 GaOAl2O3F...

Concrete is the second most used material worldwide and the first used man-made material. Its production entails large emissions of GHG due to lime decarbonation during the clinkering process, as well as large consumption of non-renewable minerals and natural aggregates. Currently legislative pressure aiming at preserving natural resources is growing tighter on natural aggregates extraction, wh...