Rare earth elements (REE) have been recognised as critical raw materials, crucial for many clean technologies. As the gap between their global demand and supply increases, the search for their alternative resources becomes more and more important, especially for the countries which depend highly on their import. Coal fly ash (CFA), which when not utilised is considered waste, has been regarded ...

Coal bed methane (CBM) in the coal seam is the hydrocarbon gas that mainly component methane and adsorbed on coal surface. Some Coal bed methane (CBM) free in the coal pore or dissolved in water. Coal bed methane (CBM) was emerging in nearly one hundred and twenty years of high quality clean energy. This paper is mainly introduce the characteristic of coal seam and it’s differences between home...

With the reduction of natural gas and petroleum sources and subsequent increases in their costs, energy from coal is becoming increasingly popular. However, coal is not a clean technology, so with this demand comes a demand to make this energy source more environmentally friendly. Trace elements, such as mercury, arsenic, and selenium, are highly volatile and are known to escape into the atmosp...

Until recently, it was conventional wisdom that ‘clean coal’ meant abandoning high sulfur coal resources, reducing plant efficiencies and increasing costs. ZECA Corporation is developing a new ‘Zero Emission’ technology that was invented at Los Alamos National Laboratory. It may stand this preconceived notion on its head. The ZECA Technology has the potential to readily accept high sulfur coal,...

A novel Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR) process is proposed in which a highly recyclable iron oxide composite particle is reduced with coal and then oxidized back with steam to generate hydrogen. The reduction of iron oxide with coal results in a mixture of CO2 and H2O in the exhaust stream which after water condensation provides a ready to sequester relatively pure CO2 stream. This eliminates...

The Clean Air Act of 1990 initiated a tradable permit program for emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plants. One effect of this policy was a large increase in the consumption of low-sulfur bituminous coal by coal-fired power plants. However, lowsulfur bituminous coal is also the ideal coking coal for steel production. The analysis presented here will attempt to determine how the ...

1. The Three E’s of Sustainable Development In October 2002 the 16th Party Congress established the goal of expanding China’s economy fourfold by 2020 and defined the Three E’s strategy for economic development, energy security, and environmental protection. In pursuing these goals, China’s energy system cannot continue to expand using the current approach. The risks are that: • China will beco...