Simulation is common practice for surgeon training in particular for robotic surgery. This paper introduces further relevant applications of simulation that improve patient safety. Therefore, the design of a modular simulator for minimally invasive robotic surgery is presented. The authors introduce a classification of hierarchical levels of modeling details for the three aspects Application, S...

BACKGROUND The concept of simulation as an educational tool in healthcare is not a new idea but its use has really blossomed over the last few years. This enthusiasm is partly driven by an attempt to increase patient safety and also because the technology is becoming more affordable and advanced. AIMS Simulation is becoming more commonly used for initial training purposes as well as for conti...

The paper analyses issues leading to errors in graphic object classifiers. Thedistance measures suggested in literature and used as a basis in traditional, fuzzy, andNeuro-Fuzzy classifiers are found to be not suitable for classification of non-stylized orfuzzy objects in which the features of classes are much more difficult to recognize becauseof significant uncertainties in their location and...

When a figure is only partially visible and its contours represent a small fraction of total image contours (as when there is much background clutter), a fast contour classification mechanism may filter non-figure contours in order to restrict the size of the input to subsequent contour grouping mechanisms. The results of two psychophysical experiments suggest that the human visual system can c...

This introductory tutorial provides an overview of business process simulation and how it works. Descriptions of modeling elements and model performance measures are presented. Classification of business processes is followed by unique modeling, simulation procedure and analysis considerations. Types of business process simulation tools are discussed. Finally, a purchasing process simulation ex...