In this paper, a size-dependent formulation for the Bernoulli-Euler beam is developed based on a new model of couple stress theory presented by Hadjesfandiari and Dargush. The constitutive equation obtained in this new model, consists of only one length scale parameter that is capable of capturing the micro-structural size effect in predicting the mechanical behavior of the structure. Having on...

In this paper the nano conical shell model is developed based on modified strain gradient theory. The governing equations of the nano truncated conical shell are derived using the FSDT, and the size parameters through modified strain gradient theory have been taken into account. Hamilton’s principle is used to obtain the governing equations, and the shell’s equations of motion are derived with ...

Multiple choice items are the most popular item format used in Senior High schools Ghana and even beyond for almost all subjects which mathematics is not an exception. The quality of constructed by classroom teachers essential. Stakeholders depend on results decision making. Little known about teacher made items. This study therefore sought to find out if multiple-choice meet criteria a good as...