The problem of the patient who has had one operation for coarctation of the aorta and who then requires another because of a late complication at or near the coarctation site is a demanding one. The safety of aortic cross-clamping at the second operation depends on the adequacy or otherwise of the collateral circulation, and this in turn depends on the presence or absence of residual or recurre...

We appreciate the comments of Ioannis K. Toumpoulis about our paper concerning the use of immediate ischemic preconditioning based on somatosensory evoked potentials to prevent spinal cord injury [1]. In that study, it was shown that ischemic tolerance could be immediately achieved in the spinal cord against a clinically relevant ischemic insult, since ischemic preconditioning was based on the ...

It is generally considered that the genesis of myelopathy associated with the degenerative conditions of the spine may result from both mechanical compression and circulatory disturbance. Many references about spinal cord tissue ischemic damage can be found in the literature, but not detailed studies about spinal cord microvasculature damage related to congestion or blood permeability. This stu...

Control of bleeding from the transected liver basically consists of vascular inflow occlusion and control of hepatic venous backflow from the caval vein. Central venous pressure determines the pressure in the hepatic veins and is an extremely important factor in controlling blood loss through venous backflow. Vascular inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver) involves clamping of the portal vein and ...

Previous studies have suggested that a reduction in cerebral oxygen delivery may limit motor drive, particularly in hypoxic conditions, where oxygen transport is impaired. We hypothesized that raising end-tidal Pco(2) (Pet(CO(2))) during incremental exercise would increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen delivery, thereby improving peak power output (W(peak)). Amateur cyclists performed tw...

To repress the growing regional/national identity, the motherland country applies Rationalism strategies including economic incentive and military threat. Analysis of Taiwan National Security Survey in 2003-2015 shows that China’s carrot and stick policies negatively correlates with exclusive Taiwanese identity, but the effects, not perceptions, decline among the young generations.

In this study we examined whether continuous monitoring of jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SjO2) is applicable for the evaluation of cerebral hypoperfusion during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The subjects were 25 patients who underwent elective CEA under general anaesthesia. After the carotid stump pressure (SP) was measured, SjO2 and the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were monit...

OBJECTIVE This study compares the effects of immediate ischemic preconditioning based on somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring with those of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in a model of descending thoracic aorta occlusion in dogs. METHOD Eighteen dogs were submitted to spinal cord ischemia induced by descending thoracic aortic cross-clamping for 60 minutes. The Control Group underwen...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The clinical application of intracranial near-infrared spectroscopy in adults has been hampered by concerns over contamination from extracranial tissues. The NIRO 300 (Hamamatsu Photonics) provides continuous online measurements of hemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase concentrations and a calculated tissue oxygen index (TOI). The present study seeks confirmation of the anato...

Cardiovascular system is known to be nonlinear and nonstationary. Traditional linear assessments algorithms of arterial stiffness and systemic resistance of cardiac system accompany the problem of nonstationary or inconvenience in practical applications. In this pilot study, two new assessment methods were developed: the first is ensemble empirical mode decomposition based reflection index (EEM...