Nowadays, irregular horizontal expansion of the cities is one of the nation’s major problems, having been given way to as a result of ever-increasing importance attached to the cities and their population concentration. The problems of the cities are the intertwined structural, economic, social, and environmental factors resulting from irregular horizontal expansion. However, despite difficulti...

abstract the following study, in the first place, attempted to examine the effect of less experienced teachers participation in experienced teachers classes on their own skills and teaching methodology, in the second place, attempted to find out the role of teachers training in students achievements. for this purpose, 21 efl teachers were selected according to available sampling in kish l...

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

In its three stages namely development, consolidation and expansion, Islamic revolution has walked in the path of feqh. In the development stage it applied traditional feqh, in the consolidations stage it used dynamic feqh and currently i.e. the expansion stage from country and Islamic state to "Islamic civilization" it requires state feqh. This study explains the abovementioned stages and argu...

    Extended Abstract Introduction   Urban sprawl is considered as one of the well-known patterns of urban expansion, which means uncontrolled physical expansion of cities on agricultural land or undeveloped surrounding areas. What today is known as sprawl describes scattered and low-density urban expansion. Patterns of urban sprawl expansion could have adverse consequences, such as increas...

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that th...