The TeV and X-ray data obtained by the imaging Cherenkov telescope CAT and X-ray satellite BeppoSAX during the remarkable flare of Mkn 501 in April 16, 1997 are used to constrain the flux of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) using different CIB models. We show that a non-negligible absorption of γ-rays due to the CIB could take place already in the low-energy (sub-TeV) domain of the spectrum...

We discuss the contribution of Population III stars to the near-IR (NIR) cosmic infrared background (CIB) and its effect on spectra of high-z high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and other sources. It is shown that if Population III were massive stars, the claimed NIR CIB excess will be reproduced if only ∼ 4 ± 2% of all baryons went through these stars. Regardless of the precise amount of the N...

The extragalactic background light (EBL), exclusive of the cosmic microwave background, consists of the cumulative radiative output from all energy sources in the universe since the epoch of recombination. Most of this energy is released at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. However, observations show that a significant fraction of the EBL falls in the 10 to 1000 μm wavelength regime. This pr...

BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis has been proposed to play an important pathogenetic role in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in obesity. This study tested the hypothesis that calibrated integrated backscatter (cIB) as a marker of myocardial fibrosis is altered in obese adolescents and explored its associations with adiposity, LV myocardial deformation, and metabolic parameters. METHODS/PRINCI...

Colicins are toxins that mediate interference competition in microbial ecosystems. They serve as a "common good" for the entire producer population but are synthesized by only few members which pay the costs of colicin production. We have previously shown that production of colicin Ib (cib), a group B colicin, confers a competitive advantage to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) ov...

Tectonic deformation in the Central Indian Basin (CIB) is organized at two spatial scales: long-wavelength (∼ 200 km) undulations of the basement and regularly-spaced faults. The fault spacing, of order 7 to 11 km, is too short to be explained by lithospheric buckling. We show that the localization instability derived in Montési and Zuber [2002a] provides an explanation for the fault spacing in...

We discuss the contribution of Population III stars to the near-IR (NIR) cosmic infrared background (CIB) and its effect on spectra of high-z high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and other sources. It is shown that if Population III were massive stars, the claimed NIR CIB excess will be reproduced if only ∼ 4 ± 2% of all baryons went through these stars. Regardless of the precise amount of the N...

We discuss the contribution of Population III stars to the near-IR (NIR) cosmic infrared background (CIB) and its effect on spectra of high-z high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It is shown that if Population III were massive stars, the claimed NIR CIB excess will be reproduced if only ∼ 4 ± 2% of all baryons went through these stars. Regardless of the precise value of the NIR CIB produced by ...

We investigated electron attachment to three dihalobenzene molecules, bromochlorobenzene (BCB), bromoiodobenzene (BIB) and chloroiodobenzene (CIB), by molecular beam photoelectron spectroscopy. The most prominent product of electron attachment in the anion mass spectra was the atomic fragment of the less electronegative halogen of the two, i.e., Br(-) for BCB and I(-) for BIB and CIB. Photoelec...

We present a framework based on information theoretic concepts and the Dirichlet distribution for classifying chromosomes based on the degree to which they use synonymous codons uniformly or preferentially, that is, whether or not codons that code for an amino acid appear with the same relative frequency. At its core is a measure of codon usage bias we call the Kullback-Leibler codon informatio...