Present review article describes main causes of chronic kidney disease a major health problem public health problem round the globe. Disease has multiple etiologies related to sequential pathophysiological stages. It has major concern with chronic changes in renal structure and that severely alter glomerular filtration rate in patients. This article explains CKD biomarkers in brief i.e., serum ...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between periodontal diseases and CKD duration.
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional conducted on referral patients a teaching hospital in 2017. Two instruments were used for data collection. first one self-reported questionnaire regarding oral health status patients’ behaviors. second clinical assessment status.&#x0...

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD), a common pathway of various glomerular diseases, which carries great morbidity and mortality to people. CKD is characterized by progressive kidney fibrosis and remodeling. CKD is also associated with the depletion of glomerular and tubular cells. Autophagy is a highly conserved process that degrades cellular long-lived proteins and organelles. It plays an importan...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects around 13% of the adult population, has become a considerable concern worldwide, and is characterized by inadequate renal clearance, resulting in accumulation various potential toxic compounds. Metabolomics, one many important parts “omics” science, refers to systematic study metabolites living system their changes because pathophysiological genetic modifica...

Frailty is common and associated with adverse outcomes in patients several chronic diseases western countries. The prevalence of frailty remains unclear kidney disease (CKD). Our study aims to examine the risk factors CKD China.