Acute and chronic liver injury results in hepatocyte death and turnover. If injury becomes chronic, the continuous cell death and turnover leads to chronic inflammation, fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Controlling liver cell death both in acute injury, to rescue the liver from acute liver failure, and in chronic injury, to curb secondary inflammation and fibrosis...

Background: P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of P2X4R on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of P2X4R, could ...

background evaluation of a transplanted liver by imaging techniques and enzyme changes is sensitive to hepatocellular or biliary problems, but in most instances liver allograft biopsies are performed in order to find out the final reason for these changes. objectives it’s been about 17 years (with more than 1326 cases) since the first liver transplantation in the namazi hospital of shiraz unive...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients.[1–3][1] It is hypothesised to be worse patients underlying chronic disease (CKD). The aetiology of AKI these multifactorial, direct cytopathic effects on