Often patients with neurodegenerative or neurobehavioral diseases have chronic, neuropathic infections that could be important in disease inception, progression or increasing the types/severities of signs/symptoms. Although controversial, the majority of patients with various neurodegenerative or neurobehavioral conditions, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s ...

Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses) cause transient and chronic infections of the liver. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often lifelong. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The replication strategy of these viruses has been described in great detail, but virus-host interactions leading to acut...

Infectious Causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Numerous studies have demonstrated a high incidence of chronic infections in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. These include viral infections of Epstein bar (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human h rpes virus6, (HHV-6), and bacterial infections such as mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumonia (CP) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease). There is contr...

SUMMARY In the early days of the discovery of X-rays, it was widely used in the treatment of benign diseases such as some chronic infections and chronic skin conditions, however, with better recognition of side effects specially carcinogenecity of the radiation, their use in benign diseases are now restricted only to a few of non-malignant conditions, when all else has failed, and with the kno...

Background: Urticaria is a common skin disease characterized by transient and itchy swelling. The spectrum of etiologic factors in urticaria is very wide and contains external factors such as drugs, foods and internal diseases such as infections, SLE, hormonal factors and even lymphoma. Objective: To determine different kinds of urticaria and different etiologic and prevocational factors in pat...

abstract background: hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in patients who lack detectable hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) is called occult hepatitis b infection. such infections have been frequently identified in patients with chronic hepatitis cliver disease, but their prevalence is not known. methods: 207 patients with chronic hepatitis c who were hcv -rna and antihcv positive were studied f...

chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited defect in intracellular killing of ingested microorganisms characterized by recurrent life threatening bacterial and fungal infections including invasive aspergillosis in early childhood. we report  a  disseminated aspergillosis as  the  representative  of  adult  onset  chronic granulomatous disease without previous infection, with dramatic respons...

although cellular immunity involving activated macrophage is important in resistance to brucella infections, serum factors and polymorphonuclears (pmns) play some role in the initial responses to brucella infections. in this research, we studied respiratory burst of pmns against opsonized yeast and opsonized inactivated brucella melitensis in chronic brucellosis patients and controls with no pr...

Opportunistic infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be acute or chronic. While acute infections often spread rapidly and can cause tissue damage and sepsis with high mortality rates, chronic infections can persist for weeks, months, or years in the face of intensive clinical intervention. Remarkably, this diverse infectious capability is not accompanied by extensive variation in genom...