Isolates of 'Pseudomonas borealis' were recovered after ice-affinity selection of summer-collected soils. 'P. borealis' DL7 was further characterized and shown to have ice nucleation activity (INA), a property that allows the crystallization of ice at temperatures close to the melting point, effectively preventing the supercooling of water. INA was optimally detected after culturing at temperat...

Based on the coarse-grained model, we used molecular dynamics methods to calculate and simulate a semiflexible long ring–semiflexible short ring blended polymer system confined in hard sphere. We systematically studied distribution motion characteristics of chain. The results show that when is enough (Lshort < 20), (Llong = 50) separated from blend then distributed against inner wall. As len...

New bioactive proteins need to be screened from various microorganisms for the increasing need for industrial and pharmaceutical peptide, proteins, or enzymes. A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, restriction site-dependent PCR (RSD-PCR), was designed for rapid new genes cloning from genomic DNA. RSD-PCR strategy is based on these principles: (i) restriction sites disperse throughout...

The avrCO39 gene conferring avirulence toward rice cultivar CO39 was previously mapped to chromosome 1 of Magnaporthe grisea between cosegregating markers CH5-120H and 1.2H and marker 5-10-F. In the present study, this region of the chromosome was physically mapped using RecA-mediated Achilles' cleavage. Cleavage of genomic DNA sequences within CH5-120H and 5-10-F liberated a 610-kb restriction...

In previous studies we reported the identification of several AFLP, RAPD and RFLP molecular markers linked to apospory in Paspalum notatum. The objective of this work was to sequence these markers, obtain their flanking regions by chromosome walking and perform an in silico mapping analysis in rice and maize. The methylation status of two apospory-related sequences was also assessed using methy...

Very highly degenerate primers with short specific 3' anchor sequences and 5' adaptors were used in conjunction with nested specific primers to amplify large numbers of unknown insertion junctions of the insect retrotransposon Woot, using genomic DNA as template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique, sometimes referred to as universal PCR, is a powerful method for molecular ch...

Chromosome 4, the smallest autosome ( approximately 5 Mb in length) in Drosophila melanogaster contains two major regions. The centromeric domain ( approximately 4 Mb) is heterochromatic and consists primarily of short, satellite repeats. The remaining approximately 1.2 Mb, which constitutes the banded region (101E-102F) on salivary gland polytene chromosomes and contains the identified genes, ...

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromere-linked genes, LYS1 and CYH1 on chromosome I and TPS13 and RAN1 on chromosome II, have been isolated. The genetic order of these markers with respect to their centromeres was determined to establish relative directionality on the genetic and physical maps. Chromosome walking toward the centromeres reveals a group of repetitive sequences that occur only in...

Grass genomes differ greatly in chromosome number, ploidy level, and size. Despite these differences, very good conservation of the marker order (collinearity) was found at the genetic map level between the different grass genomes. Collinearity is particularly good between rice chromosome 1 and the group 3 chromosomes in the Triticeae. We have used this collinearity to saturate the leaf rust re...

We herein report a detailed physical map of the horse Y chromosome. The euchromatic region of the chromosome comprises approximately 15 megabases (Mb) of the total 45- to 50-Mb size and lies in the distal one-third of the long arm, where the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is located terminally. The rest of the chromosome is predominantly heterochromatic. Because of the unusual organization of the...