Choline has critical roles during periods of rapid growth and development, such as infancy. In human milk, choline is mostly present in water-soluble forms (free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine). It is thought that milk choline concentration is influenced by maternal choline intake, and the richest food sources for choline are of animal origin. Scarce information exists on mi...

The conversion of W-labeled fatty acylsphingosine and phosphatidyl[14C]choline to sphingomyelin could be demonstrated in lyophilized microsomes from mouse liver. Radioactive CDP-choline did not act as a choline donor. No cofactors were needed, although CDP-choline and P-choline exerted some stimulatory action. The unnatural ceramide, acetyl threo-sphingosine, could be converted to the correspon...

The choline esters potentiated the choline-catalysed decarbamoylation of dimethylcarbamoyl-acetylcholinesterase in proportion to the length of acyl group, although esters containing an acyl chain longer than the hexanoyl group exhibited a corresponding decrease in the potentiation. In structural requirement analysis it was found that both the quaternary ammonium moiety and the ester bond were i...

We have described previously (1) the study in vitro of a series of analogues and homologues of choline as substrates for the enzyme choline dehydrogenase. These compounds consisted of methylated and ethylated products, both simple and mixed, of ethanolamine, 1-aminopropanol-3, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol-1, 1-aminopropanol-2, and 2-amino-2-methyl1,3-propanediol, together with the parent amines. Of...

We have examined the question of how regenerating sympathetic neurons that are concomitantly induced to become cholinergic regulate choline allocation between ACh and the phospholipid synthetic pathway. The allocation of choline into ACh increased parabolically with time in culture, and by 3 weeks, cultures with neurites of approximately 6 mm length were incorporating over 85% of the choline lo...

Multiple mechanisms of regulation in the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis were revealed by exploring the effects of choline and inositol on this pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At exogenous choline concentrations below 100 microM, phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase was rate-limiting; at higher choline concentrations the conversion of choline to phosphocholine by ...

1. Ehrlich ascites-cell extracts convert choline and ethanolamine approximately equally well into their respective phosphoryl derivatives. 2. Choline is a potent inhibitor of ethanolamine phosphorylation, but ethanolamine has little effect on choline phosphorylation. 3. 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, cysteine and Ca2+ inhibit ethanolamine phosphorylation, but have no detectable effect on choline phosp...

The influence of choline availability on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus of the awake rat was investigated using the microdialysis procedure. Three treatments enhancing choline availability for basal and atropine-evoked ACh release were evaluated: acute administration of choline chloride (20 mg/kg i.p.); pretreatment of animals with nicotinamide (10 mmol/kg s.c.) 2 hr before atro...

In the course of studies on the intermediary metabolism of choline, a large number of determinations of free choline in plasma was required. As none of the methods hitherto described was satisfactory for our purpose, a sensitive chemical method was developed by which the free choline could be accurately determined by using small amounts of plasma. The chemical methods most commonly used for the...

In this work, various 3-cyano-4-aryl-4H-pyran derivatives were prepared efficiently through a one-pot,multicomponent synthesis between aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and acetophenone derivativesor ethyl acetoacetate using Fe3O4/EDTA magnetic nanocatalyst and ethanol as solvent. The reactionswere completed at room temperature in 10 min using 5 mg of catalyst and 2 mL of solvent to prepare1 mmo...