The subject of this paper is the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) National Radar Facility’s S-band polarimetric research radar. Key features of this system include polarization agility (provided by the dual-transmitter, dual-receiver design), a recently updated signal processor, and a low (234 dB, two way) integrated cross-polar ratio (ICPR...

In inflationary cosmology, the particles constituting the Universe are created after inflation in the process of reheating due to the interaction with the oscillating inflaton field. We briefly review the basics of the slow reheating, and the stage of fast preheating, when the particles are created explosively in the regime of parametric resonance. The non-perturbative, out-of-equilibrium chara...

We study the two field model for reheating based on the scalar inflaton field, φ, and its interaction with another scalar field, χ, through a Lagrangian term 1 2 gχφ,much investigated for parametric resonance or preheating. Attention is particularly on the quantum excitations of the inflaton field and the metric with a smooth transition from quantum to classical stochastic states, and with rehe...

We show that a mini-thermal inflation occurs naturally in a class of gauge mediation models of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking, provided that the reheating temperature TR of the primary inflation is much higher than the SUSY-breaking scale, say TR > 1010 GeV. The reheating process of the thermal inflation produces an amount of entropy, which dilutes the number density of relic gravitinos. This di...

the effects of different cooking methods (deep fat frying, boiling and steaming) on lipid content and fatty acid composition of grass carp ( ctenopharyngodon idella ) fillets during chill storage were investigated. fillet samples were cooked and then stored at + 4°c for 4 days. the control and the cooked fillet samples were analyzed for their chemical characteristics. twelve fatty acids were id...

If inflaton couples very weakly to ordinary matter, the reheating temperature of the Universe can be lower than the electroweak scale. In this Letter we show that the late reheating occurs in a highly nonuniform way, within narrow areas along the jets produced by ordinary particles originated from inflaton decays. Depending on inflaton mass and decay constant, the initial temperature inside the...

Latitudinal trends in cold tolerance have been observed in many terrestrial ectotherms, but few studies have investigated interpopulational variation in the cold physiology of marine invertebrates. Here, the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus was used as a model system to study how local adaptation influences the cold tolerance of a broadly distributed marine crustacean. Among five popul...