The aim of this study is to investigate ionic liquids (ILs) pretreatment on kempas composition, structure and enzymatic digestibility. Ground kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) was pretreated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim][OAc]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethansulfonate ([Bmim][OTf]), at 120°C for 6 and 12 h. The cel...

Bioactive compound from essential oils of Alpinia malaccensis (AM) and Kaempferia galanga (KG) rhizomes, respectively, such as methyl cinnamate ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMS) have been reported to anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed determine the topical activity 3 gel formulations (Formula 1, 2 3) having different concentrations oil AM KG rhizomes. gelling agent used in this w...