background critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation require frequent suctioning of airway secretion. closed suction permits suctioning without disconnection from ventilator; so it might decrease hypoxemia and infection rate. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the effect of closed tracheal suction system (ctss) versus open tracheal suction system (otss). patients and methods thi...

abstract background: sp-a and sp-d are hydrophilic proteins which regulate the inflammatory response of the lung. pasteurella multocida is one of the most common bacteria isolated from calves suffering from shipping fever pneumonia, one of the most problems in dairy herds. objective: evaluation of surfactant content may provide a valuable diagnostic tool for detection of calf pneumonia due to p...

abstract background: ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common side effect in patients with an endotracheal tube. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an upper respiratory care program on the incidence of vap in mechanically ventilated patients. materials and methods: in this clinical trial, 62 patients with endotracheal tube were selected and randomly allocated to intervention or...

Pneumonia is inflammation within the lung caused by infection with micro-organisms. Clinically the diagnosis is made either by physical signs or radiological evidence of consolidation within the lungs. The terms pneumonitis and alveolitis also imply inflammation but in practice are reserved for conditions associated with chemical and physical injury to the lungs. Physical signs to localize abno...

introduction klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections. case presentation in this report is presented a patient with an abdominal infection caused by carbapenemase producing-klebsiella pneumonia (k. pneumonia). in spite of administrating the combination therapy, successive resistance to last-resort antimicrobial agents (colist...

conclusions our results indicated that an enormous proportion of k. pneumoniae isolated from sputum and surgical-wound swabs produced fully established biofilms. it is reasonable to assume the existence of a relationship between the site of infection and the formation of biofilm. a high level of genetic diversity among the k. pneumoniae strains was observed. results the distributions of the cli...

severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a fetal communicable respiratory disease, known as atypical pneumonia. this disease first appeared in china on november 2002 and spread very fast in various parts of the world especially in asia. number of reported cases of sars from november 2002 to may 2003 were about 8046 of which 6825 patients died. sars is caused by coronavirus, and symptoms of d...

The long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 and chemical constituents on childhood pneumonia were still unknown. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30,315 children the China Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) project, involving 205 preschools six cities China, to investigate lifetime-ever diagnosed pneumonia. Information demographics collected by validated questionnaires. lifetime annual average P...