The National Exposure Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducts research to measure exposure of individuals to chemical pollutants through the diet. In support of this research, methods are being evaluated for the determination of pesticides in dietary composite samples. In the present study, Soxhlet, blender, microwave-assisted, pressurized fluid, and supercritic...

Cumulative risk assessment has been proposed as an approach to evaluate the health risks associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models can allow for the inclusion and evaluation of multiple stressors, including non-chemical stressors, but studies have not leveraged PBPK/PD models to j...

Page 16 Pesticides and You Vol. 24, No. 2, 2004 As suburban sprawl extends further into the countryside, the numbers of people who live, play and work near agricultural land is increasing. Due to pesticides drifting, thousands of individuals are directly affected by adjacent or surrounding agricultural fields where pesticide use totals nearly a million pounds a year. Pesticides used on lawns, o...

In current study, the effects of Iranian rice cooking method (Kateh) on residue levels of 41 pesticides were investigated. The pesticides were selected according to Iranian National Standards Organization (INSO) regulations and covered 18 permitted and 23 banned pesticides belonging to different chemical classes such as organophosphate, triazole, and carbamate. A 250 g portion of rice sample wa...

Pesticides need to be applied accurately and uniformly. Too little pesticide results in poor pest control and reduced yields, while too much injures the crop, wastes chemicals and money, and increases the risk of polluting the environment. Achieving satisfactory results from pesticides depends heavily on five major factors: 1. Positive identification of the pest. 2. Choosing the least persisten...

BACKGROUND Recently low dose organochlorine (OC) pesticides have been strongly linked to various chronic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Both field and animal studies have suggested a possibility that persistent lipophilic chemicals like OC pesticides can cause vitamin D deficiency, but there have been no human studies of exposure to any chemical as a possible cause of ...

The ill effects of green revolution include residues of extensively used chemical pesticides in various environmental components. The present study was designed to analyze the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues along with chemical composition in buffalo milk samples collected from different localities of Delhi. Milk monitoring can yield information about the kinds and quantities of pes...

Fungi commonly known for diseases generating and fermentation agents, apart from this some fungi show biodegradation agents. Pesticides are used for controlling plant diseases but when spraying the pesticides only 40% goes at target and the rest in soil environment. So the soil be contaminated and as a result of this useful microflora are affected and soil fertility decline. So, some fungi test...

otenoids are chemical compounds of general structure 1 (see diagram below), which are isolated from plants of the Fabaceae family. They exhibit a wide range of biological activity, but are most widely known as natural pesticides. Their low toxicity to mammals, and the fact that insects seem not to develop resistance against them, add to their demand as commercial pesticides. Rotenone 2 is the b...