Chemical burns continue to pose a variety of dilemmas to the clinician managing such cases. Assessment of burn depth is often difficult and the decision whether to excise the wound early is not always clear-cut. In this updated review, common agents are classified and the basic principles of management and specific recommendations are examined. The complications arising from exposure to these c...

sulfur mustard (sm) has been used as a chemical weapon in some conflicts, and many veterans and civilians have been injured thereby. pulmonary, cutaneous, and ocular effects of sm have been frequently reported, although it seems that other organs such as the cardiovascular system are probably also affected. there are a number of studies evaluating the cardiovascular impacts of sm. however, thes...

extensive research in the last decade has defined that most chronic diseases display dysregulation of multiple cell signaling pathways that have been linked to inflammation. neuroinflammation is reaction of living nervous tissue to injury. it may be initiated in response to neurological disease. including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites and autoimmunity. the natural compoun...

background: biloma is a rare abnormal localized accumulation of bile out of biliary tree due to an injury. it has different non-specific clinical features and its diagnosis is based on clinical signs, radiologic findings and chemical analysis of aspirated liquid. considering the non-specific clinical features, early diagnosis and treatment can have an effective role in the decrease of complicat...

Traditional medicine remedies are believed to provide relief from pain; nevertheless, it can be a risky procedure if these remedies are prepared inappropriately. Here, we describe a patient who suffered from a split-thickness leg burn after applying a self-inflicted mixture consisting of white vinegar and aspirin prepared for knee pain. This case report highlights a rare cause of a chemical bur...