A study was conducted to determine the effect of different limestone particle sizes in layer diets on bone quality characteristics at end-of-lay hens. Calcitic limestone (360 g Ca/kg DM) that is extensively used in commercial poultry diets was obtained from a specific South African source. Limestone particles were graded as small (<1.0 mm), medium (1.0 2.0 mm) and large (2.0 3.8 mm) and include...

The Indonesian province of East Kalimantan is home to some of the largest remaining contiguous tracts of lowland Dipterocarp forest on the island of Borneo. Nest surveys recently conducted in these forests indicated the presence of a substantial population of Eastern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the Berau and East Kutai regencies in the northern half of the province. The Sangkul...

This study investigated the implications of using two grades of limestone from a paper and pulp industry for neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In this regard, two grades of calcium carbonate were used to neutralize AMD in a SBR with a hydraulic retention time (including settling) of 100 min and a sludge retention time of 360 min, by simultaneo...

An examination of defluoridation by industrial grade limestone indicated that a combination of precipitation and adsorption of fluoride can be more effective for defluoridation of water. Pre-acidified fluoride water using two edible acids, viz., acetic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA) have been used for treatment by crushed limestone of diameter 3-4 mm to precipitate fluoride as CaF2 in addition ...

This account provides information on all aspects of the biology Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. (Bird's-nest Orchid) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics presented within standard framework Biological Flora Britain Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses biotic factors, environment, structure physiology, phenology, reprodu...

Cyrtodactylus metropolis sp. nov. from Batu Caves massif, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia is differentiated from all congeners by having a unique suite of morphological and color pattern characteristics. Remarkably, this species has been overlooked despite a plethora of field studies at Batu Caves from 1898 to the present and no specimens had ever been examined until now. As with all other limest...

Three techniques for treating fish ponds with agricultural limestone were evaluated in ponds with clayey soils in Brazil and in ponds with sandy soils in South Africa. Amounts of agricultural limestone equal to the lime requirement of bottom soils were applied by the following methods to each of three ponds: (1) direct application over the pond surface; (2) spread uniformly over the bottom of t...

visceral urate deposition (visceral gout) is a common finding during post-mortem examination of poultry. rare cases of visceral gout may occur in wild birds. a rare case of visceral urate deposition in a little bittern (ixobrychus minutus) is reported here. in may 2013, carcass of a little bittern was submitted for necropsy to the clinic of poultry diseases (faculty of veterinary medicine, razi...

The kinetics of calcination of a high calcium type of limestone was studied. Ukpilla limestone found in the central region of Nigeria was studied. The limestone composition shows that the limestone has 51.29% calcium oxide and 41.53% loss on ignition and magnesium oxide content of 2.23%. The following parameters were determined; diffusion coefficient of lime layer, and mass transfer coefficient...

Based on differences in the permittivity of coal and limestone rock, a resonant cavity measurement technique is presented for the rapid determination of the proportions of coal and limestone in powdered mixtures. The ratio of the resonant frequency shift and the change in the transmission factor when mixed coal and limestone samples are inserted into the cavity provides a means for estimating t...