Along with the development of modern design technology and the increasing complication of modern engineering systems, component dependency has become a universal phenomenon during the failure analysis of systems. Ignoring the dependency among the failure behaviors of system components may lead to a huge error or even yield faulty results. In this paper, three types of models and two kinds of mo...

Whiplash injuries are the most common injuries following rear-end collisions. During a rear-end collision, the human muscle response consists of both a postural and a startle response that may exacerbate injury. However, most previous studies only assessed the presence of startle using data collected from the neck muscles and head/neck kinematics. The startle response also evokes a descending p...

Despite the potential benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) reducing human driver errors and enhancing traffic safety, a comprehensive evaluation recent AV collision data reveals concerning trend rear-end collisions caused by following vehicles. This study aimed to address this issue developing methodology that identifies relationship between driving patterns risk leading using spectral analysi...

Rear-end collisions account for approximately 28% of automotive crashes. Because driver inattention is a contributing factor in more than 60% of these collisions, rear-end collision avoidance systems (RECAS) offer a promising approach to reduce crashes and save lives. A RECAS is a device that uses electronic sensors (e.g. radar) to detect the motion of a lead vehicle, compute whether a collisio...

This paper provides an update on two cooperative research projects being conducted under the National Highway Trafic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) Rear-End Crash Prevention Program. The first project is the General Motors-Ford Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) Forward Collision Warning (FCW) work. Since 1995, this project has been aimed at defining and developing pre-competitive enab...

This paper details part of a research program conducted to examine the potential effect of autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems on common crash types that involve a frontal collision. To accomplish this, simulations were conducted of 103 real world crashes. AEB system models with differing specifications were applied to these simulations to determine the change in impact speed that variou...

A prospective study was used to: (1) quantify potential risk factors for whiplash associated disorder following a rear-end motor vehicle collision; and (2) develop a simple clinical decision rule for the early identification of patients at risk for long-term whiplash associated disorder. Between 1 October 1995 and 31 March 1998, 446 adults involved in rear-end collisions presented to the only t...