Traumatic injuries of the cervical spine are frequent, especially following motor vehicle accidents [1]. Multiple lesions predominate, with a variable distribution according to vertebra I level and anatomic structure [2, 3]. Injury to the intervertebral disk has been seen in slightly less than one-third of patients [2,3]. A patient with a neck injury developed obvious radiographic signs of spin...

Cervical radiculopathy presents as pain in a dermatomal distribution. This frequently represents compression of an exiting cervical nerve root by either a herniated disk or a degenerative cervical spondylotic change. Most patients will improve with nonoperative treatment, and a small percentage will require further diagnostic evaluation and ultimately surgical intervention. An understanding of ...

Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging can be implemented as a non-invasive adjunct examination for injuries in the cervical spine in the clinical assessment of ligamentous, disk, and soft tissue injuries, as a basis for determining medical versus surgical management, and also establishing the degree of functional clinical impairment. This article discusses the clinical indications and applicatio...

Arthritis is the common term used to describe pathological changes of joints and adjoining parts of the bone. Several types of arthritis commonly affect the spine. Osteoarthritis, a non-inflammatory type of arthritis, most often affects the cervical spine and the lumbar spine. Neck pain, limited neck and head motion, low back pain, and limited flexibility of the low back can result from progres...

What are the causes of cervical myelopathy? Myelopathy is caused by any pathologic process that interferes with transmission of signals through the spinal cord. In regard to orthopedic surgery, the most common cause of this disease is due to cervical degenerative disc disease putting pressure on the spinal cord in a condition referred to a cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The remaining referenc...

Optic disc (OD) appearance in fundus images is one of the clinical indicators considered in the assessment of retinal diseases such as glaucoma. The cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) is the most common clinical measurement used to characterize glaucoma. However, the CDR only evaluates the relative sizes of the cup and the OD via their diameters. We propose to construct an atlas-based shape descriptor (AS...

researchers have found a big interest in biological application of fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy. evaluating many diseases, staging them and studying the chemical structures of different formed compounds in diseases are some of the research applications of ftir. cancer is also one of these diseases. researchers are trying to set up ftir methods to detect and diagnose cancer cel...

We describe a minimally invasive arthroscopic technique for anterior diskectomy of the cervical spine. Fingertip pressure is applied between the carotid sheath laterally and the pharynx medially. The trachea and esophagus are displaced to the contralateral side. The disk level, soft-tissue thickness, and midline are verified with image intensification. A spinal needle is inserted through the so...