in public ceremonies, some of the deepest collective memories of the city are being shaped. in safavid era, feasts and funerals; which were either celebration of iranian old traditions or shiite rituals, provided some of the most memorable scenes in public life of the city. this has been mentioned frequently in itineraries and travelogues - both iranians and foreigners. these ceremonies gradual...

State-of-the-art e-voting systems rely on voters to perform certain actions to ensure that the election authorities are not manipulating the election result. This so-called “end-to-end (E2E) verifiability” is the hallmark of current e-voting protocols; nevertheless, thorough analysis of current systems is still far from being complete. In this work, we initiate the study of e-voting protocols a...

A "white coat" ceremony functions as a rite of passage for students entering medical school. This comment provides a second option in response to the earlier, more enthusiastic, discussion of the ceremony by Raanan Gillon. While these ceremonies may serve important sociological functions, they raise three serious problems: whether the professional oath or "affirmation of professional commitment...

African societies have always used traditional music and dance to celebrate events, interface, connect with divinity, especially during communal ceremonies. The central thesis of this paper is that are transforming agents by Xhosa healers ceremonies gain insights into the nature a society’s experiences supernatural beings. This study, therefore, investigates functional role healer’s ceremonies,...

three hundred and seventy seven patients with different degrees of heat stroke were treated by the haji medical team of the islamic republic of iran in 1371 (1992). studies were carried out on sex of the patients, time and intensity of occurance and the vital signs after a medical examination. the most important method of treatment employed for intense heat stroke was iced bath. this procedure ...