More than 48 000 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCP) are performed in the UK per annum; the majority within district general hospitals. The proposal for centralisation of ERCP services is based on evidence that technical success, length of stay and complication rates are related to the numbers of procedures performed. Local units wishing to continue their ERCP practice, must...

In Europe, public schools are more and more going to be run as autonomous schools. From the point of view of the educational system, the current school reform is a process of decentralisation of competences and centralisation of control and regulations. At the level of schools as organizations, reforms concern organizational and pedagogical matters. Organizational autonomy and curriculum autono...