purpose: to determine the distribution of intraocular pressure (iop), central corneal thickness (cct), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vcdr) in a healthy iranian population. methods: this cross-sectional, epidemiologic study (yazd eye study, yes) was performed on iranian adults, aged 40 to 80 years, residing in yazd, iran between 2010 and 2011. eligible subjects were selected using cluster rand...

A 41-year-old man was referred with a complaint of visual loss in his left eye and his best corrected visual acuity was 20/80. Slit lamp examination showed arborizing conjunctival vessels and dry eye. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography revealed a non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Cardiovascular, rheumatologic, and hematologic work up showed no abnormal findings. An ascert...

ran's economy still has a two-digit inflation rate with high fluctuations, which is mainly caused by fiscal dominance. According to the relevant literature, the most important fiscal dominance mechanism is borrowing from the central bank. After prohibiting direct borrowing from the Central Bank by Iran's government, the budget deficits are partially addressed by off-budgeting operations, achiev...

The purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in Iran. To this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of Grilli et al. (1991), Cukierman et al. (1992), Mathew (2006) and Dumiter (2009) for the period 1961-2012 . Although results of correlation between CBI index and ...

BACKGROUND A dramatic increase in healthcare expenditures is a major health policy concern worldwide. Understanding factors that underlie the growth in healthcare expenditures is essential to assist decision-makers in finding best policies to manage healthcare costs. We aimed to examine the determinants of healthcare spending in Iran over the periods of 1978-2011. METHODS A time series analys...

This paper aims to present empirical analysis of Iranian economic growth from 1950 2018 using data the World Bank, Madison Data Statistical Center Iran, and Central Bank Iran. The results show that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capital increased by 2 percent annually during this time, however indicator has had a huge fluctuation over time. In addition, Iran oil revenue have close relationshi...

purpose: this study evaluated the effect of donor and eye bank characteristics on graft rating and clinical outcomes after penetrating keratoplasty (pk) in keratoconus-affected patients. methods: a total of 252 consecutive keratoconic eyes that underwent pk were reviewed in this retrospective interventional case series. donor data included age and sex, cause of death, death-to-preservation time...