In the contemporary urban planning, outdoor comfort is more and relevant. As a matter of fact, in some Nations microclimate design, so, among others, quantification already compulsory, while many others it recommended. Various methods to quantify can be adopted (e.g., PMV-Predicted Mean Vote, or PET-Physiological Equivalent Temperature), but every formulation wind velocity, otherwise referred a...

abstract a basic aim of low energy architecture is to create a thermally comfortable internal environment for building occupants whilst consuming the least possible amount of energy. in desert countries this aim is more difficult to achieve since high ambient air temperatures create a barrier to comfort. traditional building types of these countries, such as courtyard building, have evolved to ...

At present, the energy used for air conditioning in buildings urban areas accounts over 36% of total global consumption. Energy efficiency has become a critical factor planning cities worldwide. Courtyard hot are prime example approach traditional vernacular architecture to mitigate effects extreme weather. However, given challenge guaranteeing accurate modelling microclimates within these cour...

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the soundscape perception of semi-open spaces. context, is define courtyard Diyarbakır Great Mosque, which considered one symbols and known as 5th Harem-i Şerif among Muslims, contribute studies in field. order determine users, questionnaires prepared with reference BS ISO 12913 standards were evaluated Frequency Analysis. summer period, a questionnaire a...

An important “architectural type” in Iranian history is the Yazd courtyard house. This historic building type features a walled boundary that contains complex pattern of open (to sky), semi-enclosed and enclosed spaces. The planning these houses has typically been interpreted as either response to changing socio-cultural values or local climatic conditions. Such theories about are based on seri...