(1) The intensity of cosmic rays is practically independent of time. This fact indicates that the origin of these rays can be sought neither in the sun nor in any of the objects of our own Milky Way. (2) The decrease in intensity of cosmic rays in equatorial regions has successfully been explained by assuming that at least a part of the rays consists of very energetic, positively or negatively ...

In this paper, we mainly consider the problem of spherical distribution of 5 points, that is, how toconfigure 5 points on a sphere such that the mutual distance sum attains the maximum. It is conjecturedthat the sum of distances is maximal if 5 points form a bipyramid configuration in which case two pointsare positioned at two poles of the sphere and the other three are position...

A simple mathematical model without seasonality indicated that the apparently chaotic dengue epidemics in Singapore have characteristics similar to epidemics resulting from chance. Randomness as a sufficient condition for patterns of dengue epidemics in equatorial regions calls into question existing explanations for dengue outbreaks there.

Competing interests: We are all involved in health-care initiatives and research that should benefit from wide uptake of reporting guidelines. editors and peer reviewers, the quality of health-research reporting in journal articles is unsatisfactory. 1–6 Guidelines that specify a minimum set of items for reporting can improve the accuracy and transparency of publications, thus facilitating easi...

[1] The dynamics of the seasonal cycle in the upper equatorial Atlantic ocean are studied using observations and a hierarchy of ocean models. Distinctive features of the seasonal cycle are strong annual and semiannual components: eastward (westward) propagating sea surface height (SSH) and thermocline depth at the equator (off the equator) and westward propagating surface zonal currents at the ...

An oriented equator of [Formula: see text] is the image an embedding such that it divides into two equal area halves. Following Chekanov, we define Hofer distance between equators as infimal norm a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism taking one to another. Consider space equators. We girth infimum diameter text], where homotopic text]. There natural sending point on sphere positively great circle perpen...

array of scientific evidence in his conceptualization, for example, a correlation of .62 between cranial capacity and distance from the equator with 20,000 crania representing 122 ethnically distinguishable populations (Beals, Smith, & Dodd, 1984). Templer and Arikawa (2003) reported a correlation of .71 between mean IQ and mean high winter temperature and a correlation of .61 between mean IQ a...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is determined by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Studies of familial aggregation show that environmental factors determining the individual’s MS risk act at a population level rather than in the familial microenvironment [8, 9]. The marked geographical gradient with prevalence formerly increasing with distance from the equator [2, 17, 32] h...