This paper reviewed over 100 articles on the subject of the mechanism of catalyst layer (CL) degradation and the effect of various contaminations in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Also the recovery of PEMFC via different types of methods, the causes and fundamental mechanisms of cell degradation and their influence on long- term performance of PEM fuel cell were discussed i...

To simulate a new economical architecture for PEM fuel cell and investigate the effectiveness of the introduced structure on the performance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used to solve the equations for a single domain of the cell namely: the flow field, the mass conservation, the energy conservation, the species transport, and the electric/ionic fields under the assumptions of st...

 Recently, special type of fuel cells has been developed that operates in a Dead End mode. Working in this condition, the Dead-End fuel cell is supplied withhydrogen almost at the same rate of consumption. It is noteworthy to mention thatall of the water transport mechanisms have been considered in this simulation.Water accumulation that is directly proportional to the cell current is of a grea...

Zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZnO NRs) were grown on the ZnO seed layers via an aqueous solution using hydrothermal method and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. It was found that the growth period of 20 minutes is the optimum condition for ZnO nanorods growth, the cell containing these nanorods was considered as a reference cell. In order to further increase the cell performance, Zn...

Based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. However, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. To resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...

recently, special type of fuel cells has been developed that operates in a dead end mode. working in this condition, the dead-end fuel cell is supplied withhydrogen almost at the same rate of consumption. it is noteworthy to mention thatall of the water transport mechanisms have been considered in this simulation.water accumulation that is directly proportional to the cell current is of a great...

Athletics training is a field of practices where different approaches developed over the years in various countries and cultural contexts come together, and are adopted, integrated with other approaches, or even substantially transformed in a pursuit to achieve better performances. Therefore, training methodologies are originated locally, and subsequently, through the successes achieved by the ...

In the present study, the operating conditions of an anode-supported high temperature direct internal reforming (DIR) planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are numerically analyzed. SOFCs are the energy conversion devices that produce electricity and heat directly from a gaseous fuel by the electrochemical combination of that fuel with an oxidant. A planar SOFC consists of an interconnect structu...