Nrf2 is active protein presents in the cytoplasm cells of body. In presence an activators, can enter nucleus which bind to Antioxidant Responses Elements (ARE) or otherwise named human ARE (hARE) control whole antioxidants activity cell. Many factors may contribute defective overwhelmed cellular activities for instances aging and damages. These damages be produced by free radicals oxidative str...

background: amiodarone is a drug that is used for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia after cardiac ischemia. this drug as b blocker decreases arrhythmia rate but it has many side effects on different tissues. since there are rare reports about changes of lacrimal glands, this research has been carried out to study the morphological and ultrastructural changes of lacrimal gland cells after amiodaro...

Background: For several years, mammalian cloning by splitting an early embryo or nuclear transfer into oocytes method has been successfully performed. Cloning is now also possible using adult somatic cells. Although it has now been 15 years since the first cloned mammals were generated from somatic cells using nuclear transfer (NT), the success rate for producing live offspring by cloning is lo...

Background Infertility affects around 15% of couples, and male factors account for 50%. Cryptorchidism is one of the most common causes for azoospermia. Generation of functional spermatids from azoospermia patients is of unusual significance for treating male infertility. It has been recently reported by peers and us that human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be clearly identified and cult...

Several lines of evidence suggest that some neurotoxicity in AD is due to proteolytic fragments of APP. In this study, we compared the potency of neurotoxicity induced by CT with that of A-beta neurotoxicity and our results showed that various CT peptide fragments (CTFs; CTF99, AICD, CTF31) caused neurotoxicity in cultured cells and primary cortical neurons, induced strong non-selective inward ...

To date, our understanding of how DNA is packaged in the cell nucleus, condensed from chromatin into chromosomes, and organized throughout cycle remains sparse. Three dimensional (3D) ultrastructural imaging an important tool for unravelling organizational structure chromosomes. For large volume 3D biological samples, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) has been applied, whe...

Background: Amiodarone is a drug that is used for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia after cardiac ischemia. This drug as b blocker decreases arrhythmia rate but it has many side effects on different tissues. Since there are rare reports about changes of lacrimal glands, this research has been carried out to study the morphological and ultrastructural changes of lacrimal gland cells after amiodaro...