Friedman, Robert M. (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md.). Interferon production and protein synthesis in chick cells. J. Bacteriol. 91:1224-1229. 1966.-Overnight incubation of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) at 4 C before infection with live Semliki Forest virus (SFV) increased virus yields but decreased interferon production. The same findings were noted when CEF were incubated for 4 hr w...

During photosynthesis, two photoreaction centers located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII), use light energy to mobilize electrons to generate ATP and NADPH. Different modes of electron flow exist, of which the linear electron flow is driven by PSI and PSII, generating ATP and NADPH, whereas the cyclic electron flow (CEF) only generates ATP and ...

The accuracy of channel estimation (CE) significantly affects the performance of the coherent rake receiver in DS-CDMA systems. It is desirable to employ a CE scheme that can provide good estimation performance and fast tracking the channel fading with reduced complexity. Such a CE scheme needs to employ a so-called channel estimation filter (CEF) that can effectively reduce the noise effect ac...

At the end of the linear photosynthetic electron transfer (PET) chain, the small soluble protein ferredoxin (Fd) transfers electrons to Fd:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR), which can then reduce NADP+ to support C assimilation. In addition to this linear electron flow (LEF), Fd is also thought to mediate electron flow back to the membrane complexes by different cyclic electron flow (CEF) pathways: ...

The accuracy of channel estimation significantly affects the performance of coherent rake receiver in DS-CDMA systems. It is desirable for improved channel estimation to employ a channel estimation filter (CEF) whose bandwidth is adjustable to the channel condition. In this paper, we consider the use of moving average (MA) FIR filters as the CEF since it is simple to implement and can provide r...

v-Crk induces cellular tyrosine phosphorylation and transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). We studied the molecular mechanism of the v-Crk-induced transformation. Experiments with Src homology (SH)2 and SH3 domain mutants revealed that the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins requires only the SH2 domain, but both the SH2 and SH3 domains are required for compl...

Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) from special specific pathogen-free chicken lines are used for detection of contamination of adult or embryonic tissues, meconium, or tissue culture fluids with avian leukosis viruses (ALV). The suitability and efficiency of such tests depend on the susceptibility of CEF to the various subgroups of exogenous as well as endogenous ALV. The ideal CEF for s...

Although cyclic electron flow (CEF) is essential for repair of PSII, it is unclear whether the CEF is stimulated and what the role of stability of PSI is during the recovery. In order to explore these two questions, mature leaves of Dalbergia odorifera were treated with the chilling temperature of 4°C under a photosynthetic flux density (PFD) of 650 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for 2 h and then were transf...

Photosynthetic organisms are able to convert light energy into chemical energy by the operation of the two photosystems, the cytochrome b 6 /f complex and the ATPase. The two photosystems operate in series during linear electron flow to split H 2 O and to generate NADP +. During electron transport, a pH gradient is generated across the thylakoid membrane which is used for the generation of ATP....

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of chromic chloride (CrCl3) on chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) viability. The cells were incubated with CrCl3 (0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, and 62.5 μM), and the viability was determined using MTT assay, morphological detection and flow cytometry. The results show that lower concentrations of CrCl3 (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 μM) did not damage CEF via...