a case of direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (ccf) after closed head injury is presented. a 22-year-old male presented to the emergency department of shohada tajrish hospital with the chief complaint of blurred vision and pulsatile retro-orbital headache. the patient had closed head injury due to car accident 2 month ago with lower limb fracture. after a 2-week symptom-free period, he devel...

Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are defined as abnormal connections between the carotid circulation and cavernous sinus. CCFs can be categorized as being direct or indirect. Direct CCFs are usually associated with trauma, whereas indirect CCFs are associated with revascularization following cavernous sinus thrombosis. We present a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with tinnitus, proptos...

Before the advent of antibiotics, cavernous sinus thrombosis of septic origin was invariably fatal (Grove, 1936). After the introduction of sulphonamides and antibiotics, Shaw (I 952) collected from the literature sixty cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis in which these drugs were used, and observed that the mortality rate had come down to II 7 per cent., but that 77 per cent. of those who surv...

Background: Septic sinus thrombosis is an uncommon clinical syndrome that can cause high morbidity and mortality. We report a case with septic thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus caused by otitis media. Case Report: A 58-year-old male presented with a 12-day history of headache. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed elevated white cells (1020/uL, polymorphonuclear cells-89%), decreased CSF gluc...

Complications of paranasal sinus infection most often involve the orbit and periorbita. Because intracranial extension of sinus disease is infrequently seen today, the clinician may be unfamiliar with the evaluation and management of this potentially devastating complication. Despite recent advances in treatment and diagnostic imaging, intracranial extension is often not recognized early enough...

Cerebral venous sinus (sinovenous) thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare life-threatening disorder in childhood that is often misdiagnosed. CSVT encompasses cavernous sinus thrombosis, lateral sinus thrombosis, and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (SSST). We present an adolescent girl who was well until two weeks earlier when she had a throbbing frontal headache and fever with chills; she later had dys...