Incompatibilities between urban transport and land use are rapidly growing in developing countries. Due to this mismatch, vehicle ownership is increasing dreadfully causing urban areas for various problems including congestion and air pollution. This study attempts to investigate the household travel behaviour on vehicle ownership, mode choice and trip sharing aspects by developing a nested log...

traditional agriculture and non-chemical crop production have a long story; however organic agriculture which relies on local and in-farm inputs, with the aim of protecting ecological balances and developing biological cycles on the one hand while regarding regulations and specific standards on the other hand, doesn’t have a very long history. there are numerous environmental reasons for the pr...

We construct a strategic trade model of an international duopoly, whereby production by exporting firms generates a local pollutant. Governments use environmental policies, i.e., an emissions standard or a tax, to control pollution and for rent shifting purposes. Contrary to their firm, however, governments are unable to perfectly foresee the actual level of demand, the cost of abatement and th...

This paper analyzes the effect of immigrants’ networks on the decision of individual firms to starting exporting to the immigrants’ home country. Existing evidence on the trade-creating effect of immigrants show a robust effect, however at the national or regional level. Using French exports at the firm-level to 61 countries, I find that increasing the number of foreign immigrants in the region...

Pollution-intensive industries are generally characterized by imperfect competition, increasing returns to scale and large transportation costs. We investigate two countries, N and S, each with two sectors. Manufacturing generates cross-border pollution which reduces agricultural production. Firms can freely move across country borders, but not workers. First, we show that pollution lowers loca...

the main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in iran. after data collection using by the index of revealed comparative advantage (rca), the condition of business of flowers in iran was compared with a number of countries exporting the product. according to the results of study, the small elasticity of the exportation price in the function of export...

saffron is a strategic exporting crop in our country and iran is known as the greatest producer and exporter of it in the world. deficient packaging systems can be the most common reasons of the decline in the iran's share in exporting saffron. appling the modern methods of packaging such as hurdle technology can greatly maintain the quality of saffron. despite developments in saffron packaging...

fifty percent of world argricultural production is destroyed by insects each year. therefore, enormous quantities of insecticides are consumed to control these pests. as an example, france is using 35000 metric tons insecticide every year. some of the methods used for spraying and applying insecticides tend to increase the pollution of natural waters . in this article different factors causing ...