In this work, we tuned the ion selectivity of a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM)-coated, cation-exchange membrane (CMX) in capacitive deionization (MCDI) process by carefully studying different operational modes, namely constant voltage (CV) and current (CC). The monovalent cation its time-dependent behavior were monitored at values. Upon optimizing density (10 A/m2) number bilayers (5.5) on CM...

Electrode potential measurements have been applied to study electrical characteristics like transport numbers, permselectivity & fixed charge density of ion-exchange membranes. Membrane potential measurements were made across zirconium phosphotungstate cation-exchange membrane maintained at 27◦C, using halide salts of alkali & alkaline earth metals as electrolytes. The effect of concentration o...

cation exchange capacity and specific surface area are among some of the important soil characteristics the direct measurement of which is laborious, costly and time consuming. therefore, fractal dimension of particle size distribution has been widely studied in relation with many such dynamic and static processes as transmission of water and solutes, water holding capacity, heat storage and co...

Hydroxide-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is an emerging hydrogen-production pathway that combines many advantages of incumbent alkaline (AWE) and proton-exchange-membrane (PEMWE). Advancement in HEMWE has been accelerated with the development stable conductive hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) a more comprehensive understanding gas-evolving kinetics. However, performance durabil...

In this work, the water crossover in CO2 electrolysis was systematically analyzed with hydrated ions transferring through ion-selective membranes as charge carriers three-compartment devices. We demonstrate that leads to a variation electrolyte volume, which plays an important role evaluation of catalytic selectivity liquid products. Without considering crossover, products could be overestimate...

heterogeneous proton exchange membranes (pem) are synthesized using the dry phase inversion technique. the casting solutions are prepared by dispersing a finely ground cation exchange resin particle in n,n-dimethylacetamide (dmac) solution of polyvinyl-chloride (pvc). results show that ion exchange capacity is increased with the addition of 1 %-wt nanosilica (from 0.14 to 0.27 meq/g) while it i...

The use of commercially available cation and anion exchange membranes to generate power from industrial wastewater obtained from three different industries (food, alcohol and dairy factories) without the addition of external microorganisms or chemicals by using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. The results indicate that the original mixed culture of microorganisms presented in waste...

In recent years, an electrogenic 2Na + /1H + antiporter has been identified in a variety of invertebrate epithelial brush-border membranes of gut, kidney and gill tissues. The antiporter differs significantly in its physiological properties from the electroneutral 1Na + /1H + antiporter proposed for vertebrate cells. In all invertebrate cells examined, the antiporter displayed a 2:1 transport s...