The Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) flourished in Central Asian riverine forest systems in a range disjunct from that of other tigers, but was driven to extinction in 1970 prior to a modern molecular evaluation. For over a century naturalists puzzled over the taxonomic validity, placement, and biogeographic origin of this enigmatic animal. Using ancient-DNA (aDNA) methodology, we genera...

The Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) has declined by more than 90% since 1900 and is listed as endangered by IUCN. We made the first quantitative assessment of Caspian seal by-catch mortality in fisheries in the north Caspian Sea by conducting semi-structured interviews in fishing communities along the coasts of Russia (Kalmykia, Dagestan), Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. We recorded a documented minim...

objective: to investigate maternal beliefs, practices about causes and determinant factors on drowning and maternal socioeconomic correlated factors on child mortality from drowning. m e t h od s : from march 2005 to march 2009, in a register-based cohort study and household survey, individual records utilizing drowning registry data of northern iran were enrolled.   mothers (n=276) who respond...

In this paper, we extract the waterline from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to illustrate coastline change in Shanghai, China. Nine ERS-2 and ENVISAT SAR images acquired between 1998 and 2006 were selected and a new land-water classification scheme was implemented to obtain coastline. The results show that the seaward coastline change between 1998 and 2000 is faster in the eastern part a...

background drowning is a serious but neglected health problem in low-and middle-income countries. objectives to describe the effectiveness of drowning prevention program on the reduction of drowning mortality rates in rural settings at the north of iran, and guide its replication elsewhere. patients and methods this interventional design included pre- and post-intervention observations in the r...

Remote measurements of different environmental parameters received during last 30 years are used for the synthesis of a Complex Simulation Model (CSM) describing the combined water regimes of the Aral-Caspian System (ACS) including the consideration of aquatic and climatic natural processes. The problem of stabilizing the sea levels of these two water bodies is modelled and a solution obtained ...

This memo addresses the general prospects for Russia's policy in the Caspian Sea, particularly in light of the ongoing financial crisis and domestic political turmoil. After touching on uncertainties regarding the Caspian's significance as a source of hydrocarbon reserves, I will consider Russia's evolving policy preferences and diplomatic relations, environmental issues, and the broader politi...

This article is devoted to the development and research of a mathematical model water fluid dynamics with variable depth. describes flow movement, thermodynamics ice formation melting, considers Coriolis force, horizontal vertical turbulence environment, complex geometry coastline bottom, friction on bottom wind currents, evaporation, speed, atmospheric density, deviation pressure field value f...