Abstract Large-amplitude geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are the natural consequences of solar–terrestrial connection triggered by solar eruptions. The threat severe damage power grids due to GICs is a major concern, in particular, at high latitudes, but not well understood as for low-latitude grids. purpose this study evaluate lower limit that could flow Japanese grid against Carringto...

Abstract An intriguing aspect of the famous September 2, 1859 geomagnetic disturbance (or “Carrington” event) is horizontal magnetic ( B H ) data set measured in Colaba, India (magnetic latitude approximately 20°N). The field exhibits a sharp decrease over 1,600 nT and quick recovery about 1,300 nT, all within few hours during daytime. mechanism behind this has previously been attributed to mag...

wall between the disciplines of structure and function. The obvious need for precise quantitative description of morphology of whole organs for correlation with functional data already available in abundance has too long been frustrated by the prohibitively time consuming and primitive techniques heretofore available. By the combination of a few new mathematical formulations with several expres...