Arginine is an essential amino acid in Aves and is also an important substrate for the immune system. Dietary Arg in avian diets must be sufficient to not only support growth but also immunity. To better understand Arg needs for immunity, 2 experiments examined markers of Arg use by the immune system in growing broiler chicks. Broiler hatchlings were fed diets containing adequate (1.2%) or high...

Three experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the interactive effects of sodium bentonite (NaB) with the efficacy of monensin (MON) or salinomycin (SAL) in coccidiosis-infected chicks. Male broiler chicks 5 to 14 d of age were used, and each treatment was replicated with eight (Exp. 1) or four (Exp. 2 and 3) pens of five chicks each. In Exp. 1, MON (80 ppm), NaB (0.50%), or MON+NaB were ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare plasma carnitine profiles in fortified human milk (HM)-fed preterm infants or formula-fed preterm infants. METHODS Plasma acylcarnitine concentrations were determined in 20 formula-fed and 18 HM-fed preterm infants (birth weights between 1000 and 2200 g) by isotope dilution ESI MS/MS technique on study days 0, 14, and 28. RESULTS Concentrations ...

We determined the effects of supplemental L-carnitine on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in porcine embryonic myoblasts (PEM) from gilts. Forty gilts (BW = 303.6 lb) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments that were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial, with main effects of L-carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) and day of gestation (55 or 70). All gilts were fed 3.86 lb/day and a top-dress containing eithe...

1. Plasma GH was greater (P less than 0.05) on day 12 in ad libitum-fed birds compared to restricted chicks. Conversely, maximum GH levels were found to occur in the nutrient restricted chicks during the period of accelerated growth (day 42). 2. A significant decline in circulating insulin concentrations with advancing age was evident in both ad libitum-fed and restricted chicks. 3. Feed restri...

________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The objective was to determine the growth responses of Black Neck ostrich chicks to different dietary levels of L-carnitine in pre-starter diets. Thirty-two day-old ostrich chicks were randomly divided into four treatments with four replicates, each containing two chicks. All birds received the same basal ...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of fusaric acid (FA) and T-2 toxin (T-2) in broiler chicks and turkey poults. In each experiment, 80 day-old birds were allotted randomly to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with treatments of 0 and 250 mg FA/kg feed and 0 and 4 mg T-2/kg feed. Diets were fed to 4 pen replicates of 5 birds each for 21 days. Feed intake an...

These trials examined whether the demonstrated effects of embryonic and dietary carotenoid exposure on the inflammatory immune response in fast growing chickens also occur in slow growing chickens. The systemic and local inflammatory responses of chicks were examined in two experiments with two in ovo lutein levels (C+, carotenoid replete; or C-, carotenoid-deplete), two dietary lutein levels (...

Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .42% P (.10% available P), graded doses of a citric acid + sodium citrate (1:1, wt:wt) mixture (0, 1, 2, 4, or 6% of diet) resulted in linear (P < .01) increases in both weight gain and tibia ash. Relative to chicks fed no citric acid, ti...

Four levels of nonphytate P (NPP; 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%; total P = 0.46, 0.56, 0.66, and 0.76%) and two temperatures (25 and 37 degrees C) were evaluated in chicks from 8 to 22 d. In experiment 1, crossbred male chicks (New Hampshire x Columbian) housed at 25 degrees C increased weight gain at all increasing NPP levels, but chicks exposed to 37 degrees C did not show increased weight gain bey...