The erosion and weathering of mountain ranges exert a key control on the long-term (105–106 yr) cycling carbon between Earth’s surface crust. net budget range reflects co-existence multiple sources sinks, with corresponding fluxes remaining difficult to quantify. Uncertain responses these due stochastic nature erosional processes further complicate extrapolation short-term observations longer, ...

A central parameter to the terrestrial carbon budget is forest biomass which represents a proxy for carbon. Despite its crucial role in the terrestrial carbon budget, forest biomass is poorly quantified across most parts of the planet due to the great difficulties in measuring biomass on the ground and consistently aggregating measurements across scales. Today’s information is largely based on ...

The primary objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that will avoid dangerous climate impacts. However, greenhouse gas concentration stabilization is an awkward framework within which to assess dangerous climate change on account of the significant lag between a given concentration level and the eventual equ...

2 Overview The goal of Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom) is to quantify and diagnose the uncertainty in inversion calculations of the global carbon budget that result from errors in the simulated transport. The specific objectives of the TransCom project are (1) quantify the degree of uncertainty in current carbon budget estimates that results from uncertaint...

Freshwater marshes are well-known for their ecological functions in carbon sequestration, but complete carbon budgets that include both methane (CH4 ) and lateral carbon fluxes for these ecosystems are rarely available. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full carbon balance for a freshwater marsh where vertical gaseous [carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and CH4 ] and lateral hydrologic fluxes ...

Stratospheric ozone depletion and emission of greenhouse gases lead to a trend of the southern annular mode (SAM) toward its high-index polarity. The positive phase of the SAM is characterized by stronger than usual westerly winds that induce changes in the physical carbon transport. Changes in the natural carbon budget of the upper 100 m of the Southern Ocean in response to a positive SAM phas...

alancing the global carbon budget just got more difficult. For decades, there has been debate over what happens to the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of tropical rainforests. About half of it accumulates in the atmosphere 1,2 , prompting concerns about global warming. The ocean and land take up the rest, acting as carbon sinks, and understanding where and ...