To establish an insecticidal resistance surveillance program, Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from São Paulo, Brazil, were colonized (PIN95 strain) and analyzed for levels of resistance. The PIN95 strain showed low levels of resistance to organophosphates [malathion (3.3-fold), fenitrothion (11.2-fold)] and a carbamate [propoxur (3.0-fold)]. We also observed an increase of 7.4 and 9.9 in alph...

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are enzymes known to metabolize a wide variety of compounds including insecticides. Their overexpression leading to enhanced insecticide detoxification could result in insecticide resistance in insects. The increased mRNA expression of two P450 genes, CYP6P7 and CYP6AA3, has been previously observed in laboratory-selected deltamethrin-resistant Ano...

Objectives Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides is the main vector control intervention for elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in India. After a change IRS policy 2015 due to widespread resistance Phlebotomus argentipes DDT, DDT was replaced alpha-cypermethrin 2016. The objective present study evaluate susceptibility P. and its alternatives, namely malathion pirimiphos-methyl (or...

J. Econ. Enlomol. 79: 1613-1616 (1986) ABSTRACT Blattella germanica (L.) males succumbed to two consecutive sublethal doses of hydramethylnon (an amidinohydrazone) spaced up to 6 days apart. The same effect was not observed with a carbamate (propoxur) or organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) insecticide. Radiotracer analysis revealed presence of HCresidues inside cockroaches for at least 21 days follo...

The clinical severity and toxicodynamics vary according to the agent, the route of absorption, and whether the exposure was intentional. Regardless of these factors, the toxicologic mechanism of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition remains consistent. The end result is an excess of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), which results in overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors...

Carbamate insecticide is a leading cause of poisoning in Thailand. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical manifestations and modes of occupational exposure in carbamate poisoning cases. We retrospectively studied all the cases of carbamate poisoning due to occupational exposure recorded in the Ramathibodi Poison Center Toxic Exposure Surveillance system during 2005 to 2010...