It has frequently been claimed that cycling in heavy traffic is unhealthy, more so than driving a car. To test this hypothesis, teams of two cyclists and two car drivers in two cars were equipped with personal air samplers while driving for 4 h on 2 different days in the morning traffic of Copenhagen. The air sample charcoal tubes were analysed for their benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylen...

Vehicles are very important in transportation that humans widely use carrying out their activities, including one of them is a passenger car. Safety and security factors traveling the most aspects traveling. The condition often occurs cars frequent leakage carbon monoxide gas vehicle cabin. Usually, CO leaks occur AC hose. So, this research aims to design an Arduino-based leak detector. This wi...

Considering complex factors of affecting ambient temperature in Aircraft cabin, and some shortages of traditional PID control like the parameters difficult to be tuned and control ineffective, this paper puts forward the intelligent PID algorithm that makes fuzzy logic method and neural network together, scheming out the fuzzy neural net PID controller. After the correction of the fuzzy inferen...

A numerical investigation was conducted to study the heat transfer in an aircraft cabin and the effects of air distribution under different angle and inlet velocity conditions. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the low Reynolds number turbulence model were used to simulate the airflow in the cabin. Mathematical statistics was used to process the relevant data, and statistical re...

Environment friendliness and energy efficiency are the mantra of today’s world in each and every sector of development. The automotive industry is also now switching to zero emission car concepts to be in congruence with this concept. During this transformation, however, consumer satisfaction should not be hampered. The consumer is satisfied if he feels comfortable using a given commodity. Comf...

The ventilator inhales fresh air from outside into the inside cabin of a vehicle and exhales hot air to the outside. On a sunny day, solar energy can be used to run the ventilator, and to charge the battery simultaneously. During a cloudy day, the ventilator can be driven by the battery. In this paper, heat transfer and energy balance inside the car were investigated. Moreover power consumption...

A filter system is presented which allows the reduction of the concentration of ultrafine particles in vehicle cabins to very low levels. The original ventilation system is switched to the recirculation mode and all cabin intake air is supplied via a retrofitted filter system. Tests with a variety of different vehicles (from passenger cars to coaches) show the efficiency of the system. Filters ...

zns/glass thinlayer in high vacuum condition and $40$ degree‎ ‎deposition angle has been produced by resistance evaporated method ‎with $28$ nm thickness‎. ‎cabin deposition temperature zns layer was‎ ‎about $50c$ and substrates were kept at room temperature‎. ‎the atomic ‎force microscopy (afm) and xrd analyses are perfectly accomplished‎ ‎for this layer.‎‎‎