The hydrogenation of dicarboxylic acids and their esters in the presence of anilines provides a new synthesis of heterocycles. [Ru(acac)3] and 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane (triphos) gave good to excellent yields of the cyclic amines at 220 °C. When aqueous ammonia was used with dimethyl 1,6-hexadienoic acid, ε-caprolactam was obtained in good yield. A side reaction involving alkyla...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a very promising feedstock for the production of biobased chemicals. The C6 sugars (for example d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-mannose) in lignocellulosic biomass are interesting precursors for a broad range of chemicals with high application potential. Apart from fermentation to bioethanol and reforming to CO/H2, [10] the direct conversion of these sugars to useful pla...

Releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) from industrial or thermal processes to the aquatic environment are considered small compared emissions air today. However, have occasionally released PCDD/PCDFs into local environments. . PCDD/PCDF formation releases were re-examined based on investigations conducted before introduction water quality regulations in Ja...

Mixtures of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and ε−caprolactam (CPL) have been investigated as models for possible cross-interactions between vinylidene fluoride and amide structural units, that might account for the very fine phase morphology previously observed in PVDF/polyamide 6 blends. Over the entire composition range, the PVDF/CPL mixtures are monophase above the PVDF melting temperature...