conclusions according to the results of our study, neck collar fixation has no effect on ventilation in multiple trauma patients. results this study involved 163 multiple trauma patients. of these, 65% were male. the mean of end tidal carbon dioxide (etco2) of the patients without neck collars was 34.62 ± 4.46 and the mean etco2 of the patients with neck collars was 34.21 ± 2.31. there was no s...

Sedation during endoscopic procedures needs to ensure adequate tissue oxygenation, which depends on good cardiovascular and respiratory function. These parameters need to be monitored non-invasively as it is difficult to predict how a certain patient will respond to sedation. Tissue oxygenation is monitored using oximetry. Cardiovascular function is monitored by measuring blood pressure and pul...

CE Email comments/questions to [email protected], fax 800-556-3288, or log on to www.VetLearn.com Carbon dioxide (CO2) is linked to a patient’s perfusion, ventilation, and metabolism. Endtidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the measurement of CO2 in exhaled respiratory gases and serves as an estimate of arterial CO2. ETCO2 is measured by a capnograph in a mainstream or sidestream method. A no...

The anesthetist will get the most information out of a capnograph if it is examined systematically. First, the anesthetist must determine whether exhaled CO2 (i.e., a waveform) is present. The differential diagnosis of absent CO2 includes esophageal intubation, accidental tracheal extubation, disconnection of the breathing circuit, complete obstruction of the endotracheal tube or conducting sys...

Introduction Pro: Every Mechanically Ventilated Patient Should Be Monitored With Capnography From Intubation to Extubation Endotracheal Intubation Preventing Mishaps Operating Room Setting Physiology of the Arterial-Versus-End-Tidal CO2 Difference Carbon Dioxide Elimination Management of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Alveolar V̇E Minimizing the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation Acute Respira...