In times of ever stronger awareness environmental protection and potentiation a beneficial modal split, the railway sector with efficient asset utilization proper investment planning has highest chance meeting customer expectations attracting new users more effectively. Continuous increase in demand leads to an infrastructure, inevitable lack capacity, burning problem that many national railway...

Abstract Climate Change research plays a pivotal role in Africa’s sustainable development by providing the required scientific evidence to inform design of priorities. The need for enhanced climate is heightened fact that Africa one regions likely be most affected impacts global warming and change. This paper highlights some key lessons learnt from provision support under Impact Research Capaci...

This survey summarizes the state-of-the-art research on network coding, mainly focusing on its applications to computer networking. Network coding generalizes traditional store-and-forward routing techniques by allowing intermediate nodes in networks to encode several received packets into a single coded packet before forwarding. Network coding was proposed in 2000, and since then, it has been ...

The success in the growing wireless standards can be measured by the achievement of quality of service (QoS) specifications by the designers. The IEEE802.11 wireless standards are widely accepted as wireless technology for wireless LAN. Efforts have been made over the years by the task group to provide adequate number of QoS enhancement schemes for the increasing numbers of multimedia applicati...

This paper proposes a vertical beamforming concept to a cellular network employing Fractional Frequency Reuse technique including with cell sectorization. Two different beams are utilized in cell-center and cell-edge, separately. The proposed concept is validated through computer simulation in term of SINR and channel capacity. Also, comparison when utilizing horizontal and vertical beam format...

In the ever-growing travel demand, traffic congestion on freeways and expressways recurs more frequently at a higher number of locations and for longer durations with added severity. This becomes especially true in large metropolitan areas. Particular to the urban areas, excessive crowdedness caused by inefficient traffic control also results in urban street networks operating in near or over-s...

─ MIMO systems have been gained great attention in the new generation of wireless communication systems. The capacity of a MIMO system is a function of the instantaneous MIMO channel. One way to manipulate the channel matrix is through the manipulation of the receive antenna correlation matrix. In this paper, the optimal receive antenna correlation matrix based on the maximization of the system...

Femtocells are capable of providing services in shadowed areas of the WiMAX macrocell (cell coverage enhancement) and can relieve traffic from the macrocell networks, reduce infrastructure costs for the network operators, allow for network capacity increase, and provide needed service quality in indoor environments. However, conventional handover methods cannot support a good enough performance...