introduction: the success of endodontic treatment depends on the method and quality of cleaning, disinfection and three-dimensional sealing of the root canal. the smear layer can play an important role in the success or failure of endodontic treatment. there is controversy over the presence or removal of the smear layer in relation to the success or failure of endodontic treatment. this study u...

introduction: bacterial infection of tooth pulp can progress into periapical diseases. root canal treatment has been established as the best treatment. in cases of failure, nonsurgical retreatment of teeth is preferred to surgical procedure and extraction. materials & methods: in this historical cohort study, 104 permanent teeth with apical lesion were treated during 2002-2008. all teeth showed...

this case report describes the endodontic treatment of a large cyst-like periradicular lesion a 29-year-old female with a large chronic periapical abscess in the region of right maxillary sinus presented into private practice, accompanied with non-vital first upper molar and poorly root treated second upper molar. conservative root canal treatment was carried out for both of the involved teeth ...

in endodontics, severe involuntary gagging can have a severe impact on treatment procedure. there are many ways to ease the gag reflex, one of which is hypnosis. a 34-year-old male was referred for root canal treatment of a molar tooth. he had not received any dental treatments for the past nine years due to fear of severe gag reflex. three hypnotic sessions based upon eye fixation, progressive...

most mandibular second molars have one and two canals in distal and mesial roots, respectively. this report represents four cases of mandibular second molars with a single mesial and two distal root canals with two different canal configurations. after access cavity preparation, two teeth had one distal and two mesial orifices, whereas in the two other teeth one mesial and two distal orifices w...

in order to achieve a long-lasting effect, one of the main goals in root canal treatment is to eliminate the endodontic bacteria. conventional chemomechanical debridement is considered as the basic treatment in root canal therapy, but adjunctive techniques such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) can also be helpful. the aim of this study was to evaluate reports in the scientific liter...

The presence of a missed canal in the course of root canal treatment is one of the common reasons for failure of therapy. The consequence of a missed canal will or may lead to chronic infection and post operative flare ups. Hence, it is very important to explore the morphology of the tooth as well its internal anatomy to overcome failure in endodontic practice. Root canal therapy of maxillary t...

Endodontic therapy of mandibular molars is a challenging task due to its varied root canal morphology. A mandibular first molar with additional buccal root (Radix paramolaris) and additional distolingual root (Radix Entomolaris) is an example of its varied anatomy. A successful management of atypical root canal configurations is an important aspect in determining the success rate of root canal ...

This paper highlights the importance of root canal disinfection. It discusses the different endodontic irrigants available and comments on how these can be used most effectively. Eliminating bacteria from the root canal system is an essential stage in endodontic therapy. An objective of endodontic treatment is removal of diseased tissue, elimination of bacteria from the canal system and prevent...

Abstract: Human maxillary first molars are usually considered as three-rooted teeth with four root canals for the presence of a second canal in the Mesio Buccal root (MB2). In addition, lateral ramifications and apical delta of the root canal system may frequently occur, increasing the probability of leaving untreated spaces after the root canal therapy. A thorough knowledge of root canal mor...