Microleakage occurs due to the lack of sealing ability of root sealing materials or adhesive cements used to lute post-core materials. This may cause premature failure of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate regional bond strengths of four adhesive systems to root canal dentin. Sixteen extracted human single rooted teeth were used. After removing the crowns and the pu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the cleaning ability of a self-adjusting file (SAF) system regarding debris and smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or MTAD. STUDY DESIGN In total, 45 maxillary incisor teeth were randomly divided into 2 different irrigation groups of 20 canals each and a negative control group of 5 canals. The canals in each of t...

The designs of Water distribution systems are based on certain objectives such as equity, adequacy to access its efficacy. The design of canal systems for distributing the water is based on the size of command areas. Duration of operation. It is a fact that Odisha is a predominantly agrarian state as more than 2/3rd of the state population depends on agriculture. Irrigation is the paramount imp...

In general Pakistan is an agricultural country, most of its area including lower Indus basin (LIB) lies in arid and semi-arid zones, where irrigation by canal water and groundwater is only option. Due to continuous seepage from canal irrigation network and infiltration from irrigated lands; without adequate provision of natural and artificial drainage and its appropriate outlet, water-logging a...

The role of urban agriculture in global food security is a topic of increasing discussion. Existing research on urban and peri-urban agriculture consists largely of case studies that frequently use disparate definitions of urban and peri-urban agriculture depending on the local context and study objectives. This lack of consistency makes quantification of the extent of this practice at the glob...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an experimental irrigation solution, containing two different concentrations of papain, tween 80, 2% chlorhexidine and edta, on removal of the smear layer. methods and materials: thirty-six single-rooted teeth were divided into two experimental groups ( n =12) and two positive and negative control groups of six. the cana...