Seed mass is a trait that occupies a pivotal position in the ecology of a species. It links the ecology of reproduction and seedling establishment with the ecology of vegetative growth, strategy sectors that are otherwise largely disconnected (Grime et al., 1988; Shipley et al., 1989; Leishman and Westoby, 1992). There is a startling diversity of shapes and sizes of seeds among the plant specie...

Chvv atal (1980) describes a class of zero-one knapsack problems provably diicult for branch and bound and dynamic programming algorithms. Chung et al. (1988) identiies a class of integer knapsack problems hard for branch and bound algorithms. We show that for both classes of problems local search provides optimal solutions quickly.

Aliphatic cyclic tertiary amines constitute a major class of naturally occurring and synthetic drugs directed at central biogenic amine receptors. Microsomal metabolism of these amines is known to be associated with low levels of covalent binding and/or suicide inactivation of the pertinent metabolizing P-450 isozymes; two of the more notorious examples are phencyclidine (1-(1phenylcyclohexyl)p...

Influenza virus is a negative stranded RNA virus. It contains two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA exists as a trimer and is responsible for binding to the terminal sialic acid bound to receptors on the surface of the target cell, leading to attachment and subsequent penetration by the virus into the cell. Influenza virus isolates from different animals appea...

High-k dielectric films are of interest as alternative gate insulators for metal-oxide semiconductor devices. Inour previous study, surface morphology and leakage current distribution of high-k dielectric films(HfSixOy andZrO2) have been simultaneously investigated at the nanoscale by tunneling atomic force microscopy (TUNA) [1]. Itwas found that the dominant leakage current pat...

1. introduction current statistical methods may be unable to accurately predict recurrence intervals of rare, large magnitude floods. the usual procedure involves extrapolation from gauged hydrological records documenting 30–40 year records of observed (normally small) floods to the estimation of the quantifies and recurrence intervals of very large, rare floods. this conventional approaches be...

Both maximum-likelihood and neural network classifiers can be used to characterize land cover as continuous fields that represent either class proportions or classification certainty. We compared these two approaches by examining the correspondence between their output values and photointerpreted class proportions of 39 test regions within a heterogeneous study area in southern California. The ...

A fast-growing theoretical literature on the political economy of reform has provided a sizable collection of models that have deepened our understanding concerning how distributional conflict manifests itself in the political process and can prevent efficiency-enhancing economic reform from taking place (see e.g., Allan Drazen [2000 Ch. 10, 13] for an insightful review). Unfortunately, systema...