very little is known about lhr and fshr genes of domestic dromedary camels. the main objective of this study was to determine and analyze partial genomic regions of fshr and lhr genes in dromedary camels for the first time. to this end, a total of 50 dna samples belonging to dromedary camels raised in iran were sent for sequencing (25 samples of each gene). we compared the nucleotide sequences ...

A central paradigm in immunology states that successful generation of high affinity antibodies necessitates an immense primary repertoire of antigen-combining sites. Much of the diversity of this repertoire is provided by varying one antigen binding loop, created by inserting randomly a D (diversity) gene out of a small pool between the V and J genes. It is therefore assumed that any particular...

Camel papillomatosis has been described previously, but the genome of the suspected papillomavirus (PV) has not been identified. An outbreak of papillomatosis occurred in a dromedary farm of 55 animals in Sudan during August 2009. The disease was only present in young animals aged about 3-7 months, of which 44 % (11/25) were affected with lesions, mainly on the lips and lower jaw. This study re...

Small, soluble single-domain fragments derived from the unique variable region of dromedary heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) against enzymes are known to be potent inhibitors. The immunization of dromedaries with the TEM-1 and BcII beta-lactamases has lead to the isolation of such single-domain antibody fragments specifically recognizing and inhibiting those beta-lactamases. Two VHHs were isolated...

Understanding spatio-temporal patterns of host mobility is a key factor to prevent and control animal and human diseases. This is utterly important in low-income countries, where animal disease epidemics have strong socio-economic impacts. In this article we analyzed a livestock mobility database, whose data have been collected by the Centre National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (CNE...

In mammals the light-dark (LD) cycle is known to be the major cue to synchronize the circadian clock. In arid and desert areas, the camel (Camelus dromedarius) is exposed to extreme environmental conditions. Since wide oscillations of ambient temperature (Ta) are a major factor in this environment, we wondered whether cyclic Ta fluctuations might contribute to synchronization of circadian rhyth...

A rare case of laminitis was recorded in an adult camel that was kept in confinement without giving any exercise and fed daily with considerable quantity of pearl millet grains (Pennisetum typhoideus) for more than five months.

ABNORMAL capnographs are not unusual in clinical anesthesia. These typically result from uneven ventilation in patients with lung disease. Previous reports also have noted abnormal capnograph tracings resulting from loose connections between the end-tidal carbon dioxide sample line and the gas analyzer or other leaks in the system. The resulting biphasic waveform has been described as a long lo...

The camel is a comparatively hardy animal and is less susceptible to many of the diseases that affect other livestock species in the same areas. Despite that, the camel may contract many other diseases, some of which are still unknown. Pastoralists have for centuries herded camels in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya, and elsewhere in the Horn of Africa, and they have encountered and named ...