Milner introduced action calculi as a framework for representing models of interactive behaviour. He also introduced the higher-order action calculi, which add higher-order features to the basic setting. We present type theories for action calculi and higher-order action cal-culi, and give the categorical models of the higher-order calculi. As applications , we give a semantic proof of the cons...

this is to report the case of a huge vaginal stone, and bladder calculi in a 26-year-old woman with previous operation of bladder exstrophy. it seems that the vaginal stone was secondary to the remaining wire used in her previous reconstructive surgery for pelvic closure 20 years ago and now surgery is performed to remove the vaginal and bladder stones.

PURPOSE Scrotal calculi are rare, and their clinical significance is uncertain. Scrotal pain is a frequent, hard-to-manage problem in urology clinics. Our purpose in this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of scrotal calculi and scrotal pain in a prospective manner. METHODS Sonography and color Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum were performed in 758 consecutive patie...

AIM To determine the (i) sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound (USG) in the detection of urinary tract calculi, (ii) size of renal calculi detected on USG, and (iii) size of renal calculi not seen on USG but detected on computed tomography urogram (CTU). METHODS A total of 201 patients' USG and CTU were compared retrospectively for the presence of calculi. Sensitivity, specificity, accura...

The application of process calculi theory to the modeling and the analysis of biological phenomena has recently attracted the interests of the scientific community. To this aim several specialized, bio-inspired process calculi have been proposed, but a formal comparison of their expressivity is still lacking. In this paper we present π@, an extension of the π-Calculus with priorities and polyad...

Pneumatic lithotripsy is a minimally invasive technique mainly for the treatment of urinary staghorn stones. Previous literatures have reported some therapeutic complications during or after this procedure, but calculi embolism has not been mentioned before.We report here a fatal case of calculi-induced pulmonary embolism in an adult woman who underwent pneumatic lithotripsy. An autopsy did not...

In AI a large number of calculi for efficient reasoning about spatial and temporal entities have been developed. The most prominent temporal calculi are the point algebra of linear time and Allen’s interval calculus. Examples of spatial calculi include mereotopological calculi, Frank’s cardinal direction calculus, Freksa’s double cross calculus, Egenhofer and Franzosa’s intersection calculi, an...

Calcium oxalate crystals are responsible for formation of urinary calculi. Traditional therapy based on plants and herbal resources have found beneficial treatment kidney stones. The present study aimed to screen antilithiatic antioxidant potential Polyalthia Longifolia leaves methanolic extract. extract was evaluated the presence secondary metabolites, total phenolic content flavonoid contents...

Even though higher-order calculi for automated theorem proving are rather old, tableau calculi have not been investigated yet. This paper presents two free variable tableau calculi for higher-order logic that use higher-order uniication as the key inference procedure. These calculi diier in the treatment of the substitutional properties of equivalences. The rst calculus is equivalent in deducti...

Earlier we introduced Constraint Lambda Calculi which integrate constraint solving with functional programming for the simple case where the constraint solver produces no more than one solution to a set of constraints. We now introduce two forms of Constraint Lambda Calculi which allow for multiple constraint solutions. Moreover the language also permits the use of disjunctions between constrai...