The epithelial Wolffian duct (WD) inserts into the cloaca (primitive bladder) before metanephric kidney development, thereby establishing the initial plumbing for eventual joining of the ureters and bladder. Defects in this process cause common anomalies in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). However, developmental, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of...

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a progressive and intractable condition that may severely impair the child's growth, development and quality of life. Epidemiological information on pediatric CKD, particularly in Asians, is scant. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, population-based survey of Japanese children aged 3 months to 15 years with pre-dialysis CKD to examine the...

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) form a group of heterogeneous disorders that affect the kidneys, ureters and bladder, with frequent asynchronous presentations and multiple CAKUT associations in the same individual. Urinary tract formation is a complex process, dependent of the interaction of multiple genes and their sub-product. The same genic alterations can lead t...

Many nephrotoxic effects of drugs have been described, whereas the effect on renal development has received less attention. Nephrogenesis ceases at approximately 36 weeks of gestation, indicating that drugs administered to pregnant women and to preterm-born neonates may influence kidney development. Such an effect on renal development may lead to a wide spectrum of renal malformations (congenit...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES With the advent of fetal screening ultrasonography, the detection of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in utero has permitted early management of these conditions. This study aims to describe the clinical course of a large cohort of patients with prenatally detected nephrouropathies. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In this ret...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a key regulator of the blood pressure and fluid/electrolyte homeostasis, also plays a critical role in kidney development. All the components of the RAS are expressed in the developing metanephros. Moreover, mutations in the genes encoding components of the RAS in mice or humans are associated with a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and ur...

The main reason for investigation of UTI is to ensure early identification of urological pathology, which, if left untreated, may lead to ESRD [6-9]. Internationally in developed countries, CAKUT and hereditary nephropathies account up to 66% of all cases of CKD [6]. The situation is similar in Jamaica where CAKUT accounts for 41-44% of cases of CRF [7,8]. Posterior urethral valves are the most...

The clinical spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) encompasses a common birth defect in humans that has significant impact on long-term patient survival. Overall, data indicate that approximately 20% of patients may have a genetic disorder that is usually not detected based on standard clinical evaluation, implicating many different mutational mechanisms and p...

Aim: To evaluate the prenatal sonographic findings, prevalence, prognostic factors and postnatal outcome of congenital anomalies kidney urinary tract (CAKUT).Method: This single-center retrospective study was conducted from electronic health records pregnant women between 18-40 weeks gestation January 2015 to 2022. Babies who were diagnosed as having CAKUT in utero followed prenatally postnatal...