This paper presents the study of photoluminescent properties molecular compositions consisting melanin and an electron-acceptor material – fullerene derivative, [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). These have not been studied well are promising for electronics natural materials, in particular, organic solar cells. The novelty this work relates to photoluminescence spectra obtained...

Bu çalışmada, sol-jel yöntemi ile sentezlenmiş ZnO molaritesinin P3HT (Poli (3-hekzil tiyofen)):PCBM ((6,6) Fenil-C61-Bütirik asit metil ester) aktif tabakalı güneş hücresinde verime olan etkisi incelenmiş ve 0,1, 0,3 0,5 M değerlerinde çalışılmıştır. Aygıtların verim değerleri, 100 mw/cm2 ışıması altında Keithley 2400 kaynak ölçer cihazı yardımı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca XRD, UV-Vis FESEM teknikl...

In the framework of field approach with the finite time interval the particle oscillations in a medium are considered. The absorption in a final states do not lead to dramatic suppression of ab transitions. Also we touch on the problem of infrared singularities. The approach under study is infrared-free. It is shown that " correction " published recently [A.Gal, Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 028201] is...

Using a long panel of roll call voting data, I find that “flip-flopping” senators face significant electoral costs when changing positions. In models of electoral competition, as the costs to candidates changing position approach zero, the equilibrium prediction is the convergence of platforms. Such convergence is at odds with empirical observation. Using a dynamic, structural model of candidat...

Members of a shareholder meeting or legislative committee have greater or smaller voting power than meets the eye if the nucleolus of the induced majority game di ers from the voting weight distribution. We establish a new su cient condition for the weight and power distributions to be equal; and we characterize the limit behavior of the nucleolus in case all relative weights become small. JEL ...

This paper studies the dynamics of durable and nondurable consumption under two alternative assumptions about information updating by households — rational inattention and sticky expectations. We find that sticky expectations due to a fixed cost does a better job of reproducing the infrequent adjustments at the individual level and the slow adjustments at the aggregate level. We then show that ...

In this study, the exciton lifetime images within the photoactive layers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are revealed by confocal optical microscopy combined with the fluorescence module. The images reveal that the active layers during slow solvent evaporation provide 3D pathways for charge transport and the concentration gradient through t...

We show the existence of an upper bound for the number of blocks required to get from one imputation to another provided that accessibility holds. The bound depends only on the number of players in the TU game considered. For the class of games with non-empty cores this means that the core can be reached via a bounded sequence of blocks. JEL Classification Numbers: C71, C73, C61.

We examine the impact of retirement exibility and the constraint against borrowing from future labor income on optimal consumption, optimal investment, and optimal retirement policy. We solve three alternative models almost explicitly in parametric forms (up to at most a constant) and provide veri cation theorems for the claimed solutions. In addition, we also obtain analytical comparative stat...