this paper identifies characteristics of business cycles in iran, applying hodrick-prescott (hp) and band-pass (bp) filters. using seasonal and anual data for 1970-2003, it is found that oil income is the key driving factor of business cycles in the iranian economy. furthermore, it is indicated that iran's economy has experienced seven business cycles during this period, in which the econo...

objective(s): neuroinflammation in parkinson disease (pd) is associated with glial cells activation and production of different inflammatory cytokines. in this study, we investigated the effect of chronic administration of 8-oh-dpat on 6-ohda-induced catalepsy and levels of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (csf).   materials and methods: catalepsy was induced by unilateral infusion...

abstract: the first period of abbasi dynasty is one of the glorious periods of islamic culture and civilization, which is known as the golden era of islamic culture and civilization. because in this era the power and riches of abbasi dynasty increased so high that led the islamic civilization grow in the various fields of science, literature and art especially music. while pretending as firm re...

the reaction of an equivalent of 2- mercaptoethyl ammonium chloride with an equivalent of 2,6-diformyl -4- methyl phenol produced monoamine which was reacted with half equivalent of 1,2-diamine ethane to produce ethylene-bis-6-(2-mercapto-ethyl-imine)-methyl -4- methyl phenol [h4l]. the ligand was reacted with metal ions[cr(iii), mn(ii), fe(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), cd(ii), and hg(ii...

drought resistance is a very important characteristic needed for plant survival especially at germination stage, in arid and semi-arid lands. phosphatase enzymes are widely found in plants. these enzymes are responsible for dephosphorylation of organic phosphate and altering it to mineral phosphate. germination experiments were conducted in two bread wheat cultivars (sardari and alvand) under s...

trehalose is an important disaccharide signal metabolite in plants which is involved in various aspects of plant function such as response to stress, photosynthesis and carbon allocation and partitioning. a mutant of arabidopsis lacking trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity (tps1) accumulates ascorbate. exogenous ascorbate application ameliorates trehalose induced growth inhibition of wild ty...

background: one of the key techniques for the preparation of 125i seeds is adsorption of 125i onto silver bits coated by palladium (pd). carriers played an important role in the adsorption of 125i on palladium. ki is used as a carrier for fixing of 125i onto silver wire bits coated with palladium. materials and methods: three procedures ki, koh, nh4oh were investigated for adsorption of 125i ac...

evaluation of river discharges trends is very important for water resources management and design of irrigation and drainage networks. in this research, annual, seasonal and monthly trends of maroon river discharge were evaluated using the mann-kendall and sen’s slope estimator non-parametric tests and the regression analysis parametric test. for this purpose, river discharge data from five h...

this research was carried out to determine the chilling and heat requirements of grapevine cultivars(rotabi, siah shiraz and yaguti) and carbohydrate and hormones changes in chilled cuttings. uniform cuttings of above mentioned cultivars were harvested when leaves were abscised in autumn, and then transferred to refrigerator (2˚c). cuttingswere subjected to 0 (unchilled control), 100, 200, 300,...