Background: Given the popularity of pterional craniotomy, numerous modifications have been made to prevent postoperative deformities. With advent titanium plates, fixation has become both simple and excellent. However, plates can cause skin problems, infection, or skull growth fail. Methods: To develop a simple, cost-effective, esthetically satisfactory method, without use non-metallic material...

This study examines a sharp decline of school attendance among white children in the Southern US after the Civil War. According to Census data, the school-attendance rate among whites in the Confederate states declined by almost half from 1860 to 1870, whereas that in the Northern states was approximately stable. This shock left the South approximately three decades behind its antebellum trend....

The movement of macromolecules in cells is assumed to occur either through active transport or by diffusion. However, the determination of the diffusion coefficients in cells using fluctuation methods or FRAP frequently give diffusion coefficient that are orders of magnitude smaller than the diffusion coefficients measured for the same macromolecule in solution. It is assumed that the cell inte...